THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

Biology  Library 

BEQUEST  OF 

Theodore   S.   Palmer 


•      vj, 


VJ, 


Visitors'  Guide 


to  the 


Collection    of     Birds 


Found  within  Fifty  Miles  of  New  York  City 


American  Museum  of  Natural  History 

77th  Street  and  8th  Avenue 
Central  Park,  New  York  City 


For  Safe  at  the  Museum 
Price,  Fifteen  Cents. 


i_ 


VISITORS'   GUIDE 


%ocal  Collection  of  Biros 


IN   THE 


American  Museum  of  Natural  History 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 


AN  ANNOTATED  LIST 

OF   THE 

BIRDS  KNOWN  TO  OCCUR  WITHIN  FIFTY  MILES 
OF  NEW  YORK  CITY 


BY 

FRANK  M. ^CHAPMAN,  Assistant  Curator 

Department  of  Mammalogy  and  Ornithology 


NEW  YORK : 
PRINTED  FOR  THE  MUSEUM 

1894 


BIOLOGI  LI1B. 


GIFT 


'£/*/ 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  collection  this  Guide  is  intended  to  accompany  has  been 
formed  especially  to  aid  students  in  identifying  the  birds  found  in 
the  vicinity  of  New  York  City.  It  occupies  Cases  S  and  T,  in 
the  north  wing,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  the  gallery  devoted 
to  North  American  birds.  With  a  few  exceptions  all  the  speci- 
mens contained  in  it  were  collected  within  50  miles  of  New  York 
City.  The  species  which  we  have  as  yet  been  unable  to  secure 
within  these  limits  are  represented  temporarily  by  specimens  from 
the  North  American  collection.  The  collection  of  Water  Birds  is 
for  the  present  restricted  to  summer  resident  species.  So  large  a 
proportion  of  North  American  Water  Birds  are  found  near  New 
York  City,  that  a  local  collection  of  them  would  to  a  great  extent 
duplicate  the  North  American  collection  displayed  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  gallery.  Species  of  accidental  occurrence,  or  those 
which  have  been  found  in  this  vicinity  but  once  or  twice,  are  also 
excluded  from  the  collection.  Their  presence  would  only  tend 
to  confuse  the  student  and  be  apt  to  give  him  an  erroneous  idea 
of  the  bird's  range. 

The  birds  are  labeled  in  accordance  with  the  system  of 
nomenclature  adopted  by  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union. 
The  number  preceding  the  name  of  each  species  is  its  permanent 
number  in  the  Union's  'Check-List'  of  North  American  birds. 
In  the  Guide  this  number  follows  the  name  of  the  species.  The 
birds  are  placed  in  the  cases  in  a  continuous  numerical  series  and 
any  desired  specimen  may  thus  be  readily  found  by  its  number. 
As  a  matter  of  local  interest  an  asterisk  (*)  has  been  placed  before 
those  species  which  have  been  observed  in  Central  Park. 

In  the  alcove  between  Cases  B  and  C,  in  the  main  bird-hall,  will 
be  found  a  local  collection  of  the  nests  and  eggs  of  the  birds 

389 


which  breed  within  50  miles  of  New  York  City.     It  is  labeled  on 
the  same  plan  as  the  local  collection  of  birds. 

In  order  that  the  student  may  know  the  names  of  all  the  birds 
which  have  been  found  here,  the  following  annotated  list  of  the 
species  known  to  occur  within  a  radius  of  50  miles  of  New  York 
City  is  presented.  It  is  based  on  information  derived  for  the 
most  part  from  three  sources:  (i)  previously  published  records; 
(2)  the  author's  notes  covering  a  period  of  ten  years'  intermittent 
observation,  mainly  at  Englewood,  N.  J.;  (3)  information  received 
from  Mr.  William  Dutcher.  For  the  past  15  years  Mr.  Dutcher 
has  made  a  specialty  of  the  study  of  Long  Island  birds  and  has 
brought  together  a  vast  amount  of  data  concerning  them.  He 
has  kindly  revised  the  manuscript  of  this  Guide,  thereby  adding 
largely  to  its  accuracy. 

The  excellent  cuts  with  which  this  Guide  is  illustrated  are 
from  Coues's  'Key  to  North  American  Birds.'  For  their  use  the 
Museum  is  indebted  to  Messrs.  Estes  and  Lauriat  the  publishers 
of  that  work.  The  full-page  plates  were  used  in  Dr.  Shufeldt's 
recent  memoir  on  'Scientific  Taxidermy'.  They  are  printed  from 
electrotypes  kindly  furnished  us  by  the  United  States  National 
Museum. 

The  region  embraced  within  our  limits  possesses  natural 
advantages  calculated  to  attract  a  great  number  of  birds.  Our 
sea-coast,  with  its  sandy  beaches  and  shallow  bays;  our  rivers, 
creeks  and  ponds,  with  their  surrounding  grassy  marshes;  our 
wooded  hillsides  and  valleys;  our  rolling  uplands  (and  fertile 
meadows,  offer  haunts  suited  to  the  wants  of  most  birds.  Again, 
our  coast-line  and  the  Hudson  River  Valley  form  natural  highways 
of  migration  regularly  followed  by  birds  in  their  journeys  to  and 
from  their  summer  homes. 

But  the  exceptional  abundance  of  birds  in  this  vicinity  is  not 
due  alone  to  the  varied  character  of  the  country,  or  to  the  fact 
that  twice  each  year  streams  of  migrants  pass  along  our  coasts  and 
through  our  valleys.  There  are  certain  causes  which  tend  to  limit 
the  ranges  of  animals.  Chief  among  these  is  temperature.  A 
study  of  the  ranges  or  habitats  of  animals  and  plants  shows  that 
the  boundaries  of  the  habitats  of  many  species  coincide  with  one 
another  and  also  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  with  lines  of  equal 
temperature.  The  ranges  of  these  species  being  thus  governed 
by  natural  causes  are  taken  as  indices  of  the  limits  of  faunas  or 
natural  life-areas.  The  lines  between  these  faunas  cannot,  of 


^   5   — 

\ 

course,  be  sharply  drawn.  The  change  from  one  to  another  is 
gradual,  and  thus  between  the  two  a  neutral  strip  exists  in  which 
will  be  found  species  characteristic  of  each.  Just  such  a  condition 
is  found  in  this  vicinity;  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Carolinian 
Fauna  over-lapping  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Alleghanian 
Fauna  in  the  valleys  of  the  Delaware,  Hudson,  and  Connecticut. 
In  other  words,  we  have  here  on  the  one  hand  a  number  of  birds 
which  are  found  no  farther  north,  and  on  the  other  certain  species 
which  are  found  no  farther  south.  That  is,  in  the  breeding 
season;  for  among  birds  only  the  nesting  ranges  are  of  value  in 
determining  the  boundaries  of  faunas. 

The  southern  limit  of  the  Carolinian  Fauna  on  the  Atlantic 
Coast  is  near  Norfolk,  Virginia;  its  northern  limit,  on  the  coast,  as 
said  above,  is  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City.  To  be  more  exact, 
a  careful  study  of  the  nesting  ranges  of  certain  species  shows  that 
the  most  northern  points  at  which  they  are  regularly  found  is  Port 
Jervis  in  the  Delaware  Valley,  Fishkill  in  the  Hudson  River  Valley, 
and  Portland  in  the  Connecticut  River  Valley.  These  localities 
then  may  be  considered  as  defining  the  northern  limits  of  the 
Carolinian  Fauna  in  the  valleys  in  which  they  are  placed.  In  the 
more  elevated  country  between  these  points  it  is  doubtful  if  the 
limits  of  the  fauna  reach  quite  as  far  north,  for  river  valleys,  both 
because  they  offer  a  natural  pathway  for  the  extension  of  a  bird's 
range,  and  because  of  the  higher  temperature  prevailing  in  them, 
tend  to  carry  northward  the  boundaries  of  faunas.  Eastward, 
along  the  Connecticut  shore,  the  Carolinian  Fauna  may  reach  the 
mouth  of  the  Thames.  Long  Island,  although  farther  south, 
belongs  for  the  most  part  in  the  Alleghanian  rather  than  the 
Carolinian  Fauna.  Numbers  of  species  common  and  even  abund- 
ant in  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley  are  exceedingly  rare  on  Long 
Island,  especially  on  the  southern  shore.  But  along  the  northern 
shore,  or  older  part  of  the  island,  where  deciduous  trees  abound, 
there  is  an  evident  trace  of  the  Carolinian  Fauna  shown  by  the 
regular  occurrence  of  the  Blue-winged  Warbler  and  Acadian 
Flycatcher. 

The  following  Carolinian  birds  are  found  every  summer  within 
50  miles  of  New  York  City,  and  all  but  two  or  three  are  known  to 
nest  regularly  here.  Their  occurrence  northward  beyond  these 
limits  is  rare  and  irregular,  and  but  two  or  three  have  been  known 
to  nest  north  of  the  50  mile  line. 


Snowy  Heron.  Worm-eating  Warbler. 

Clapper  Rail.  Blue-winged  Warbler. 

King  Rail.  Louisiana  Water-Thrush. 

Turkey  Vulture.  Kentucky  Warbler. 

Barn  Owl.  Hooded  Warbler. 

Acadian  Flycatcher.  Mockingbird. 

Fish  Crow.  Carolina  Wren. 

Cardinal.  Tufted  Titmouse. 

Rough-winged  Swallow.  Carolina  Chickadee. 

Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher. 

Not  more  than  five  of  these,  however,  advance  regularly  to 
the  northern  limits  of  the  Fauna.  The  southern  limits  of  the 
Alleghanian  Fauna  on  the  coast  is  less  clearly  defined.  It  includes, 
however,  Long  Island  and  northern  New  Jersey.  Its  boundaries 
are  in  a  measure  defined  by  the  presence  in  the  breeding  season 
of  the  following  species,  none  of  which  are  known  to  nest  south  of 
this  vicinity  at  sea-level. 

Carolina  Rail.  Nashville  Warbler. 

Purple  Finch.  Chestnut-sided  Warbler. 

Golden-winged  Warbler.  Black-throated  Green  Warbler. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  while  the  region  south  of  our  district 
has  the  Carolinian  species  mentioned;  and  the  region  to  the  north- 
ward has  the  Alleghanian  species  just  given,  we,  in  this  inter- 
mediate or  neutral  strip,  have  both  Carolinian  and  Alleghanian 
species. 

It  is  evident  therefore  that  from  an  ornithological  standpoint 
we  are  most  favorably  situated,  and  a  comparison  of  the  number 
of  birds  found  within  our  limits  with  the  numbers  recorded  from 
other  districts  shows  that  the  causes  mentioned  have  been  effec- 
tive in  giving  us  an  unusually  rich  avifauna.  Due  allowance  must 
of  course  be  made  for  the  much  greater  area  included  in  all  but 
one  of  the  regions  used  in  comparison. 

Recorded  from  within  50  Miles  of  New  York  City         .         .         .         348 
"     District  Columbia  (Richmond,  MS.)  .  281 

"     Ontario,  Canada,  (Mcllwraith)       ....          316 

"     Massachusetts  (Allen) 349 

Illinois  (Ridgway)          ......         352 

"     Indiana  (Butler) 305 

"     Michigan  (Cook)          ......  332 

"     Kansas  (Goss)         .......       343 

During  the  course  of  a  year  the  bird-life  of  our  vicinity  is 
subject  to  great  changes.  Some  birds  are  always  with  us,  some 
come  for  the  summer,  others  pass  us  in  the  spring  and  fall  in 
traveling  to  and  from  their  more  northern  homes,  and  others  still 


come  only  in  the  winter.  Our  birds  may  thus  be  arranged, 
according  to  the  season  when  they  are  present,  in  several  more  or 
less  well  defined  groups,  for  which  the  following  names  seem  most 
applicable. 

/.  Permanent  Residents. — This  class  includes  species  which 
are  with  us  throughout  the  year.  It  does  not  follow  that 
the  same  individuals  pass  the  entire  year  here.  Comparatively 
few  of  the  species  in  this  group  are  permanent  residents  in  the 
strict  sense  of  the  term.  The  Bob-white,  Ruffed  Grouse,  and 
several  of  the  Owls  are  doubtless  literally  permanent  residents, 
that  is,  the  same  individuals  pass  their  lives  in  one  restricted 
locality.  But  it  is  not  probable  that  the  Bluebirds,  for  example, 
found  here  during  the  winter  are  the  same  birds  which  nested 
with  us  in  the  summer.  Doubtless  our  winter  Bluebirds  passed 
the  summer  farther  north,  while  our  summer  Bluebirds  winter 
farther  south.  Still  as  a  species  the  Bluebird  is  a  permanent 
resident. 

LIST  OF  PERMANENT  RESIDENTS. 

Bob-white.  Blue  Jay. 

Ruffed  grouse.  American  Crow. 

Marsh  Hawk.  Fish  Crow. 

Sharp-shinned  Hawk.  Starling. 

Cooper's  Hawk.  Meadowlark. 

Red-tailed  Hawk.  House  Sparrow. 

Red-shouldered  Hawk.  Purple  Finch. 

Broad-winged  Hawk.  American  Goldfinch. 

Bald  Eagle.  European  Goldfinch. 

Duck  Hawk.  Song  Sparrow. 

Sparrow  Hawk.  Swamp  Sparrow. 

Long-eared  Owl.  Cardinal. 

Barred  Owl.  Cedar  Waxwing. 

Screech  Owl.  Carolina  Wren. 

Great  Horned  Owl.  White-breasted  Nuthatch. 

Hairy  Woodpecker.  Tufted  Titmouse. 

Downy  Woodpecker.  Chickadee. 

Flicker.  Robin. 

Prairie  Horned  Lark.  Bluebird. 

//.  Summer  Residents. — Summer  residents,  as  the  name 
implies,  are  birds  found  here  during  the  summer.  They  may, 
however,  arrive  early  in  March  and  remain  until  December,  as  do 
the  Blackbirds  and  Woodcock,  or  they  may  not  come  until  May 
and  leave  us  in  August.  Summer  residents  then,  are  birds  which 
come  to  us  at  varying  times  in  the  spring  and  after  nesting  here, 
return  to  their  more  southern  winter  resorts  in  the  fall. 


LIST  OF  SUMMER  RESIDENTS. 


Pied-billed  Grebe. 

Laughing  Gull. 

Common  Tern. 

Roseate  Tern. 

Black  Duck. 

Wood  Duck. 

American  Bittern. 

Least  Bittern. 

Great  Blue  Heron. 

Snowy  Heron. 

Green  Heron. 

Black-crowned  Night  Heron. 

King  Rail. 

Clapper  Rail. 

Virginia  Rail. 

Sora. 

?  Yellow  Rail. 

Black  Rail. 

Woodcock. 

Bartramian  Sandpiper. 

Spotted  Sandpiper. 

Kildeer. 

Piping  Plover. 

Mourning  Dove. 

Osprey. 

Barn  Owl. 

Yellow-billed  Cuckoo. 

Black-billed  Cuckoo. 

Belted  Kingfisher. 

Red-headed  Woodpecker. 

Whip-poor-will. 

Nighthawk. 

Chimney  Swift. 

Ruby-throated  Hummingbird. 

Kingbird. 

Crested  Flycatcher. 

Phoebe. 

Wood  Pewee- 

Acadian  Flycatcher. 

Least  Flycatcher. 

Bobolink. 

Cowbird. 

Red-winged  Blackbird. 

Orchard  Oriole. 

Baltimore  Oriole. 

Purple  Crackle. 


Vesper  Sparrow. 
Savanna  Sparrow. 
Grasshopper  Sparrow. 
Henslow's  Sparrow. 
Sharp-tailed  Sparrow. 
Seaside  Sparrow. 
Chipping  Sparrow. 
Field  Sparrow. 
Towhee. 

Rose-breasted  Grosbeak. 
Indigo  Bunting. 
Scarlet  Tanager. 
Purple  Martin. 
Cliff  Swallow. 
Barn  Swallow. 
Tree  Swallow. 
Bank  Swallow. 
Rough-winged  Swallow. 
Red-eyed  Vireo. 
Warbling  Vireo. 
Yellow-throated  Vireo. 
White-eyed  Vireo. 
Black  and  White  Warbler. 
Worm-eating  Warbler. 
Blue-winged  Warbler. 
Golden-winged  Warbler. 
Parula  Warbler. 
Yellow  Warbler: 
Chestnut-sided  Warbler. 
Pine  Warbler. 
Prairie  Warbler. 
Ovenbird. 

Louisiana  Water-Thrush. 
Kentucky  Warbler. 
Maryland  Yellow-throat. 
Yellow-breasted  Chat. 
Hooded  Warbler. 
Redstart. 
Mockingbird. 
Catbird. 

Brown  Thrasher. 
House  Wren. 
Short-billed  Marsh  Wren. 
Long-billed  Marsh  Wren. 
Wood  Thrush. 
Wilson's  Thrush. 


///.  Summer  Visitants. — Comparatively  few  birds  fall  into 
this  group.  As  a  rule  the  northern  limit  of  their  breeding  range 
is  not  far  south  of  our  southern  boundaries  and  they  sometimes 
visit  us  in  small  numbers  after  their  breeding  season  is  over. 
In  this  group  may  also  be  placed  the  Shearwaters  and  Petrels, 
some  of.  which  are  known  to  nest  in  the  Antarctic  Regions  during 
our  winter.  In  the  spring  they  migrate  northward  and  pass  the 
summer  .off  our  coasts. 

LIST  OF  SUMMER  VISITANTS. 

Gull-billed  Tern.  American  Egret. 

Royal  Tern.  Little  Blue  Heron. 

Forster's  Tern.  Wilson's  Plover. 

Sooty  Tern.  Oyster-catcher. 

Black  Skimmer.  Turkey  Vulture. 

Greater  Shearwater.  Red-bellied  Woodpecker. 

Audubon's  Shearwater.  Summer  Tanager. 

Sooty  Shearwater.  Carolina  Chickadee. 

Wilson's  Petrel.  Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher. 

IV.  Winter  Residents. — Winter  residents,  like  summer 
residents,  may  arrive  long  before  and  remain  long  after  the  season 
which  gives  them  their  name.  Our  Junco,  or  Snowbird,  for 
example,  comes  from  the  north  in  September  and  remains  until 
April,  but  is  a  typical  winter  resident.  That  is,  it  arrives  in  the 
fall  and  after  passing  the  entire  winter  with  us  returns  to  its  more 
northern  summer  home  in  the  spring. 

LIST  OF  WINTER  RESIDENTS. 

Holbcell's  Grebe.  Purple  Sandpiper. 

Horned  Grebe.  Rough-legged  Hawk. 

Loon.  Saw-whet  Owl. 

Red-throated  Loon  Horned  Lark. 

Razor-billed  Auk.  American  Crossbill. 

Kittiwake  Gull.  Redpoll. 

Glaucous  Gull.  Pine  Siskin. 

Great  Black-backed  Gull.  Snowflake. 

Herring  Gull.  Lapland  Longspur. 

Ring-billed  Gull.  Ipswich  Sparrow. 

Green-winged  Teal.  White-throated  Sparrow. 

American  Golden-eye.  Tree  Sparrow. 

Buffle-head.  Junco. 

Old-squaw.  Northern  Shrike. 

King  Eider.  Winter  Wren. 

American  Scoter.  Brown  Creeper. 

White-winged  Scoter.  Canadian  Nuthatch. 

Surf  Scoter.  Golden-crowned  Kinglet. 


—    10    — 

V.  Winter  Visitants. — Winter  visitants  are  birds  which  may  or 
may  not  visit  us  during  the  winter.    As  a  rule  their  presence  depends 
upon  the  severity  of  the  winter.    An  unusually  severe  season  some- 
times  forces   boreal  birds  southward  and  they  then  may  be  found 
in  numbers  south  of  the  limits  of  their  regular  winter  homes. 

LIST  OF  WINTER  VISITANTS. 

Puffin.  Black  Gyrfalcon ? 

Black  Guillemot.  Hawk  Owl. 

Brtinnich's  Murre.  Snowy  Owl. 

Dovekie.  Evening  Grosbeak. 

Cormorant.  Pine  Grosbeak. 

Harlequin  Duck.  White-winged  Crossbill. 

American  Eider.  Holbcell's  Redpoll. 

Goshawk.  Bohemian  Waxwing. 

VI.  Regular   Transient  Visitants. — The  birds  of  this  class  are 
found  here  only  during  the  migrations.     Their  summer  homes  are 
north  of  us,   their  winter  homes  are  south  of  us,  and  we  see  them 
only   when   they   pass   northward   on   their   spring   migration  and 
southward  on  their  fall  migration. 

LIST  OF  REGULAR  TRANSIENT  VISITANTS. 

Pomarine  Jaeger.  Dowitcher. 

Parasitic  Jaeger.  Long-billed  Dowitcher. 

Long-tailed  Jaeger.  Stilt  Sandpiper. 

Bonaparte's  Gull.  Knot. 

Caspian  Tern.  Pectoral  Sandpiper. 

Cory's  Shearwater.  White-rumped  Sandpiper. 

Leach's  Petrel.  Least  Sandpiper. 

Gannet.  Red-backed  Sandpiper. 

Double-crested  Cormorant.  Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

Red-breasted  Merganser.  Western  Sandpiper. 

Hooded  Merganser.  Sanded  ing. 

Blue-winged  Teal.  Greater  Yellow-legs. 

Pintail.  Yellow-legs. 

Red-head.  Solitary  Sandpiper. 

American  Scaup  Duck.  Willet. 

Lesser  Scaup  Duck.  Hudsonian  Curlew. 

Ruddy  Duck.  Eskimo  Curlew. 

Canada  Goose.  Black-bellied  Plover. 

Brant.  Golden  Plover. 

Florida  Gallinule.  Semipalmated  Plover. 

Coot.  Turnstone. 

Red  Phalarope.  Pigeon  Hawk. 

Northern  Phalarope.  Short-eared  Owl. 

Wilson's  Snipe.  Yellow-bellied  Woodpecker. 


—  11  — 


Olive-sided  Flycatcher. 
Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher. 
Traill's  Flycatcher. 
Rusty  Blackbird. 
Bronzed  Crackle. 
Nelson's  Sharp-tailed  Sparrow. 
Acadian  Sharp-tailed  Sparrow. 
White-crowned  Sparrow. 
Lincoln's  Sparrow. 
Fox  Sparrow. 
Philadelphia  Vireo. 
Blue-headed  Vireo. 
Nashville  Warbler. 
Tennessee  Warbler. 
Cape  May  Warbler. 
Black-throated  Blue  Warbler. 
Myrtle  Warbler. 


Magnolia  Warbler. 
Bay-breasted  WTarbler. 
Black-poll  Warbler. 
Blackburnian  Warbler. 
Black-throated  Green  Warbler. 
Yellow  Palm  Warbler. 
Water-Thrush. 
Connecticut  W'arbler. 
Mourning  Warbler. 
Wilson's  Warbler. 
Canadian  Warbler. 
Titlark. 

Ruby-crowned  Kinglet. 
Gray-cheeked  Thrush. 
Bicknell's  Thrush. 
Swainson's  Thrush. 
Hermit  Thrush. 


VII.  Irregular  Transient  Visitants. — These  birds  occur  irreg- 
ularly during  the  migrations.  With  certain  exceptions  they  are 
birds  of  the  interior  and  breed  in  the  northern  United  States  and 
British  Provinces.  Their  regular  line  of  migration  is  down  the 
Mississippi  Valley,  and  their  occurrence  on  the  Atlantic  coast  is 
more  or  less  infrequent.  Here  are  also  included  species  formerly 
common  near  New  York  but  now  practically  extinct  within  our 
-limits,  where,  however,  they  are  sometimes  found. 

LIST  OF  IRREGULAR  TRANSIENT  VISITANTS. 


Least  Tern. 

Black  Tern. 

Mallard. 

Gadwall. 

American  Widgeon. 

Shoveller. 

Canvas-back. 

Ring-necked  Duck. 

Greater  Snow  Goose. 

Blue  Goose. 

American  White-fronted  Goose. 

Hutchins's  Goose. 

Black  Brant. 

Whistling  Swan. 

Wilson's  Phalarope. 


American  Avocet. 
Baird's  Sandpiper. 
Marbled  Godwit. 
Hudsonian  Godwit. 
Buff-breasted  Sandpiper. 
Long-billed  Curlew. 
Belted  Piping  Plover. 
Passenger  Pigeon. 
Golden  Eagle. 
Pileated  Woodpecker. 
Raven. 

Loggerhead  Shrike. 
Orange-crowned  Warbler. 
Palm  Warbler. 
Grinnell's  Water-Thrush. 


VIII.  Accidental  Visitants. — The  homes  of  the  birds  included 
'in  this  class  are  so  far  removed  from  our  boundaries  that  their 
presence  here  at  any  time  can  be  considered  only  as  purely  acci- 


dental.  In  most  cases  it  is  doubtless  due  to  the  agency  of  storms 
or  high  winds  which  drive  migrating  birds  from  their  course.  One- 
fourth  the  number  given  below  are  Old  World  birds,  and  about 
one-half  the  total  number  have  been  found  here  but  once. 

LIST   OF  ACCIDENTAL  VISITANTS. 


Black-throated  Loon. 

Little  Gull. 

Sabine's  Gull. 

Fulmar. 

Booby. 

White  Pelican. 

Brown  Pelican. 

European  Widgeon. 

European  Green-winged  Teal. 

Rufous-crested  Duck. 

Barnacle  Goose. 

White  Ibis. 

Glossy  Ibis. 

Yellow-crowned  Night  Heron. 

Corn  Crake. 

Purple  Gallinule. 

Black-necked  Stilt. 

European  Woodcock. 

Curlew  Sandpiper. 


Wheatear. 


SUMMARY. 

Permanent  Residents 

Summer  Residents        .... 

Summer  Visitants 

Winter  Residents         .... 

Winter  Visitants     .... 

Regular  Transient  Visitants 

Irregular  Transient  Visitants 

Accidental  Visitants 


Ruff. 
Lapwing. 
Ground  Dove. 
Black  Vulture. 
Swallow-tailed  Kite. 
Swainson's  Hawk. 
White  Gyrfalcon. 
Great  Gray  Owl. 
Red-cockaded  Woodpecker. 
Arkansas  Kingbird. 
Chestnut-collared  Longspur. 
Lark  Sparrow. 
Blue  Grosbeak. 
Painted  Bunting. 
Dickcissel. 
Louisiana  Tanager. 
Prothonotary  Warbler. 
Cerulean  Warbler. 
Yellow-throated  Warbler. 


35 
92 
18 
36 
16 
82 
30 
39 


Total, 


348 


—    13    — 


LIST  OF  BIRDS  FOUND  WITHIN  FIFTY  MILES  OF 
NEW  YOEK  CITY. 


Order  PYGOPODES.    Diving  Birds. 

Family  PODICIPID^E.— GREBES. 

1.  Colymbus.holboellii  (Reinh.}.     HOLBCELL'S  GREBE.    (2.) — 
Breeds  from  Manitoba  northward  ;    in   winter  migrates  southward 
as  far  as  South  Carolina.     With  us  it  is  a  rather  uncommon  spring 
and  fall  migrant  and  less  common  winter  resident. 

2.  Colymbus  auritus  (Linn.}.   HORNED  GREBE.  (3.) — Breeds 
from  the  northern  United  States  northward  and  winters  southward 
to  Florida.      It  is  here  a  common  spring  and  fall  migrant  and  not 
uncommon  winter  resident. 

*3.  Podilymbus  podiceps  (Linn.}.  PIED-BILLED  GREBE  ;  DIE- 
DAPPER;  DABCHICK;  HELL-DIVER.  (6.) — Ranges  from  the  Argentine 
Republic  northward  to  Great  Slave  Lake,  breeding  locally  through- 
out its  range.  In  the  vicinity  of  New  York  it  occurs  chiefly  as  a 
migrant.  In  northern  New  Jersey  and  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley 
it  is  common  but  on  Long  Island  is  of  "comparatively  rare  and 
infrequent  occurrence"  (Dutcher,  MS.).  It  breeds  here  rarely 
and  during  favorable  seasons  a  few  pass  the  winter.  (See  Group, 
main  floor,  opposite  case  C.) 

Family  URINATORID^E.— LOONS. 

4.  Urinator  imber  (Gunn.)  LOON.  (7.) — " Breeds  from  about 
latitude  42°  to  within  the  Arctic  Circle.  During  the  winter  it  is 
found.  . . .  from  Maine  to  Florida."  In  this  locality  the  Loon  is  a 
common  migrant  and  less  common  winter  resident.  (See  Group, 
main  floor,  opposite  case  B  ) 


—    14    — 


FIG.  i.     Loox. 

5.  Urinator  arcticus  (Linn.}.   BLACK-THROATED  LOON.  (9.)— 
Breeds  in  the  far  north,  migrating  southward  to  Southern  Canada. 
The   only  record   of  its  occurrence  near  New  York  is  based  on  an 
adult  male  taken  April  29,  1893,  between  Sands  Point  and  Execution 
Lighthouse,  L.  I.  (Butcher *  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  265). 

6.  Urinator  lumme  (Gunn.).     RED-THROATED  LOON,  (n  )— 
Breeds    from    New    Brunswick    northward ;     in     winter    migrates 
irregularly  southward,    occasionally    to    South    Carolina.     About 
New  York    it  is  a  not   uncommon   winter    resident    but   is    more 
frequently  found  during  the  migrations. 

Family  ALCID^. — AUKS,  MURRES,  and  PUFFINS. 

7.  Fratercula  arctica  (Linn  ).     PUFFIN.   (13.)— Breeds  from 
the  Bay  of  Fundy  northward  ;  in  winter  migrates  southward,  coming 
rarely  as  far  as  Long  Island.      There  is  but  one  recent  record  of 
its  occurrence,   viz.,  December  15,    1882,   Centre   Moriches,   L.  I. 
(Dutcher,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  1.71). 

8.  Cepphus   grylle    (Linn.}.      BLACK   GUILLEMOT.     (27.)— 
Breeds  from   the   Bay   of  Fundy   northward  ;    in   winter  migrates 
southward,  regularly  to   Massachusetts.       It  has  been  found  but 
once   in   Connecticut  (Stony  Creek,    Dec.    1887. — Sage,   Auk,   VII, 
1890,  p.  283),  and  the  only  Long  Island  record,  given  by  Lawrence, 
is  apparently   based   on   a   specimen   in   the  Lawrence   Collection 
labeled  "Long  Island". 

Q.  Uria  lomvia  (Linn.}.  BRUNNICH'S  MURRE.  (31.) — Breeds 
from  the  Magdalen  Islands  northward;  in  winter  migrates  south- 
ward as  far  as  New  Jersey.  On  the  western  end  of  Long  Island 


—    15   — 

it  is  as  a  rule  uncommon  ;  at  the  eastern  end  it  occurs  more  fre- 
quently but  is  irregular  (Dutcher,  Auk,  II,  1885,  p.  38).  During 
some  seasons,  however,  they  become  common  in  our  waters 
(Averill,  Auk,  VIII,  1891,  p.  307).  Giraud's  record  of  "Uria  troile" 
doubtless  refers  to  this  species.  Specimens  in  the  Lawrence 
Collection  orginally  labeled  "U.  troile"  are  U.  lomvia. 

10.  Alca  torda  (Linn.}.     RAZOR-BILLED  AUK.    (32.) — Breeds, 
from   the   Magdalen  Islands  northward  ;  in  winter  migrates  south- 
ward,  regularly  to  Long  Island,  and  rarely  to  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina. 

11.  Alle  alle   (Linn.}.     DOVEKIE.    (34.)— A  species  of  the  far 
north,   migrating  southward   in  winter,   more  or  less  regularly  to 
New  Jersey.     With   us  its   numbers  vary  during  different  winters. 
It  is  considered  by  Butcher  to  be  generally  a  rare  bird  on  Long 
Island  (Abst.  Linn.  Soc.  No.  4,    1892,  p.  6),  but  is  given  by  Scott 
as  a  regular  winter  visitant  on  the  New  Jersey  coast  (Bull.  Nutt» 
Orn.  Club,  IV,  1879,  P-  228). 

Order  LONGIPENNES.     Long-winged 
Swimmers. 

Family  STERCORARIID^.— SKUAS  AND  JAEGERS. 

12.  Stercorarius  pomarinus  (Temm.}.     POMARINE  JAEGER, 
(36.)  —Passes  the  nesting  season  chiefly  within  the  Arctic  Circle,, 
and  migrates  southward   from  July  to  late  October  during  which 
period  it  is   sometimes  not  uncommon  off  our  coast;    its  presence 
depending  largely  on  the  abundance  of  the  small  fish  on  which  it. 
feeds  (Baird,  Auk,  IV,  1887,  p.  71). 

13.  Stercorarius   parasiticus   (Linn}.     PARASITIC  JAEGER.. 
(37.) — Breeds   in   the   Barren   Grounds   of  Arctic  America  and  in 
southern  Greenland  ;  migrates  southward  to  the  Great  Lakes,  and 
along  the   Atlantic  coast    to   South   America ;    winters  from   the: 
Middle   States  southward.     It  occurs  off  the  coast  in  this  vicinity 
as  a  regular  migrant  with  the  preceding  species. 

14.  Stercorarius  longicaudus  Vieill.  LONG-TAILED  JAEGER^ 
(38. — Breeds   in    about   the    same   region    as   the    preceding  and 
migrates    southward   to    the    Great  Lakes    and    Gulf   of  Mexico. 
During  its  migrations  it  is  sometimes  not  uncommon  off  our  coast. 


—    16    — 

Family  LARIDJE  — GULLS  AND  TERNS. 

15.  Rissa  tridactyla   (Linn.}.      KITTIWAKE  GULL.    (40.) — 
Breeds  from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  northward,  and  winters  on 
the  Great  Lakes,  and  along  the  Atlantic  coast  as  far  south  as  Massa- 
chusetts,  occasionally  reaching  Virginia.     With  us  it  is  a  common 
late  fall  transient  visitant  and  a  comparatively  rare  winter  resident, 
occuring  generally  some  distance  off-shore  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

16.  Larus    glaucus    Brunn.       GLAUCOUS    GULL;     BURGO- 
MASTER   (42.) — Breeds  from  Labrador  northward;  found  in  winter 
as  far  south  as  Long  Island.   Several  specimens  have  been  killed  on 
the  Lower  Hudson  River,  and  on  Long  Island  it  is  found  regularly 
in  small  numbers  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

17.  Larus  marinus  Linn.    GREAT  BLACK-BACKED  GULL.  (47.) 
— Breeds  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy  northward,  and  migrates  south- 
ward  in   the   winter    to   the   Great   Lakes   and  Virginia.     In   this 
vicinity  it  is  a  regular,  but  not  common,  winter  resident. 

*i8.  Larus  argentatus  smithsonianus  Cones.  HERRING 
GULL.  (5 1 a.) — "  North  America  generally,  breeding  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  from  Maine  northward";  winters  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Cuba. 
This  is  the  common  winter  Gull  of  our  harbor  and  coast.  It 
arrives  from  the  north  in  September,  and  is  abundant  until  April. 
The  adults  are  pearl  gray ;  the  immature  birds,  or  young  born  the 
previous  summer,  are  grayish  brown. 

19.  Larus  delawarensis  Ord.     RING-BILLED  GULL.    (54.)— 
Breeds  from  Newfoundland  northward,  and   in  the  interior,  where 
it  is  more  common,  from  Southern  Minnesota  northward  ;  winters 
south  to  Cuba  and  Mexico.     It  is  here  a  rather  uncommon  spring 
and  fall  migrant  and  winter  resident  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

20.  Larus  atricilla  Linn.     LAUGHING  GULL.    (58.) — Breeds 
from  Florida  to  Maine,  and  winters  from  South  Carolina  to  Brazil. 
It  was  formerly  a  common  summer  resident  on  Long  Island,  but 
now  is  known  to  nest  only  on  Great  South  Bay,  where  it  is  rare. 
(See  Group,  main  floor,  opp.  case  G.) 

21.  Larus  Philadelphia  (Ord).   BONAPARTE'S  GULL.   (60.) — 
Breeds  in   the   interior   from  Manitoba  northward  (apparently  no 
record  of  its  breeding  on  the  Atlantic  coast),  and  migrates  south- 
ward to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     It  is  found  here  as  a  regular  spring 
and  fall  migrant,  and  is  sometimes  seen  in  winter. 


22.  Larus  minutus  Pall.      LITTLE  GULL.  (60. i) — This  is  a 
European  species;    the  only  satisfactory  record  of  its  occurrence 
in  North  America  is  that  of  an  immature  bird  taken  on  Fire  Island, 
Long  Island,   September  15,    1887  (Dutcher,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  172). 

23.  Xema  sabinii   (Sab.}.     SABINE'S  GULL.   (62.)— A  circum- 
polar  species,  breeding  in   the   Far  North  and  rarely   coming  as 
far  south  as  the  northern  United  States.     Giraud  records  a  speci- 
men shot  at  Raynor  South,  Long  Island,  "July,  1837". 

24.  Gelochelidon  nilotica  (Hasselq.\     GULL-BILLED  TERN. 
(63.) — A  southern  species,   breeding  as  far  north  as  southern  New 
Jersey,  and  wandering  occasionally  to  Maine.     There  are  several 
Long  Island  records,   the  most  recent  being  two  specimens  taken 
at  South   Oyster   Bay,   July  4,    1882  (Dutcher,  Auk,  I,  1884,  p.  34), 
and  one  shot  from  a  flock  of  five  on  Shinnec,ock  Bay,  July  8,  1884 
(Dutcher,  Auk,  II,  1885,  p.  38). 

25.  Sterna   tschegrava   Lepech.      CASPIAN   TERN.     (64.) — 
Breeds  locally  from  Texas  to  Great  Slave  Lake.     In  this  vicinity 
it  is  found  as  a  rather  uncommon  migrant. 

26.  Sterna  maxima  Bodd.     ROYAL  TERN.  (65.)— A  southern 
species,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Virginia,  and  occasionally  wander- 
ing northward  to  Massachusetts.  There  is  but  one  known  instance 
of  its  occurrence  on  Long  Island,   --  a  specimen  taken  at  Raynor 
South,   August   27,    1831,    by   J.  F.  Ward   (Am.    Mus.   No.  46,008, 
Lawrence  Coll.). 

27.  Sterna  forsteri   Nutt.      FORSTER'S  TERN.    (64.)— More 
common  in  the  interior  than  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  where  it  is  not 
known  to  breed  north  of  Virginia.     It  wanders  irregularly  north- 
ward, and  is  sometimes  found  in  this  vicinity. 

28.  Sterna  hirundo  Linn.     COMMON  TERN  ;  SEA  SWALLOW. 
(70.)— Inhabits  the  greater  part  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere;  in 
North  America  breeds  locally  from  the  Arctic  Regions  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.     This  was  formerly  an  abundant  bird  along  our  coasts, 
but   the   relentless    persecutions   of  millinery   collectors   have    so 
reduced   its   numbers   that   it  is   now  found  in  only  a  few  isolated 
localities.       Not  many  years  ago  it   bred   more  or  less  commonly 
all  along  the   Long   Island  coast,   but  almost  the  only  surviving 
colony  (numbering  about   1000   pairs)   inhabits   Big   Gull   Island. 
Even   in   this   remote   locality  it  is  constantly  persecuted  by  nest- 
robbing  fishermen   and   self-styled   oologists,   who  will  doubtless 


—    18    — 

soon  effect  its  complete  extinction.  (Since  the  above  was  written, 
through  the  efforts  of  a  number  of  bird-lovers  who  raised  a  sum 
of  money  for  the  purpose,  permission  has  been  obtained  from  the 
Lighthouse  Board  to  have  the  liehtkeeper  on  Little  Gull  Island 
appointed  a  special  game-keeper  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  protect 
the  Terns  on  Big  Gull  Island.) 


FIG.  2.     TERN. 

29.  Sterna  tlougalli  Montag.  ROSEATE  TERN.  (72.)— "Tem- 
perate and  tropical  regions".  In  North  America  formerly  breed- 
ing along  the  Atlantic  coast  northward  irregularly  to  Maine  ;  now 
rare  north  of  southern  New  Jersey.  A  few  pairs  live  on  Big  Gull 
Island  with  the  colony  of  Common  Terns  above  mentioned. 

The  Arctic  Tern  (Sterna par -adiscea]  is  included  by  Lawrence 
without  remark.  I  know  of  no  record  of  its  occurrence  near  New 
York  City,  and  Mr.  Butcher  has  but  one  specimen  from  Long  Is- 
land, a  male  taken  on  Ram  Island  Shoals,  July  i,  1884. 

30  Sterna  antillarum  (Less.).  LEAST  TERN.  (74.  — Northern 
South  America,  northward  to  California,  Dakota,  and  Massachu- 
setts, breeding  locally  throughout  its  range.  Formerly  a  common 
summer  resident  in  suitable  places  on  the  coasts  in  this  vicinity, 
but  now  occurs  only  as  a  rare  migrant. 

31.  Sterna  fuliginosa  GmeL  SOOTY  TERN.  (75.)— A  southern 
species,  not  breeding  north  of  North  Carolina,  but  occasionally 
straying  farther  up  the  coast.  It  has  been  recorded  from  Lake 
Ronkonkoma,  L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  433),  and  Highland 
Falls,  N.  Y.  (Mcarns,  Bull.  Essex.  Inst.,  XII,  1879/87). 


19 

32.  Hydrochelidon  nigra  surinamensis  (Gmel.\    BLACK 
TERN.  (77.)  — A  species  of  the  interior,   breeding  from  Kansas  and 
Illinois  to  Alaska.      Occurs  on  the  Atlantic  coast  as  an  irregular 
migrant,  sometimes  in  considerable  numbers. 

Family  RYNCHOPID^E.— SKIMMERS. 

33.  Rynchops  nigra  Z/Vz/z.  BLACK  SKIMMER.  (80.) — A  southern 
species,  not  breeding  north  of  southern  New  Jersey,  but  occasion- 
ally wandering  up  the  coast  after  the  breeding  season.     There  are 
a  number  of  records  of  its  occurence  during  the  summer  on  Long 
Island. 

Order  TUBINARES.    Tube-nosed 
Swimmers. 

Family  PROCELLARIID^  -FULMARS  AND  SHEARWATERS. 

34.  Fulmarus  glacialis  (Linn.}.    FULMAR.    (86.)— An  Arctic 
species   which   sometimes  wanders   southward   to   Massachusetts. 
One  was  found  in  an  exhausted  condition  at  Ridgewood,  New  Jersey, 
December,    1892,  after  a  storm  (Hales,  Orn.  and  Ool.,  XVII,  1892, 
P-  39)- 

35.  Puffinus  borealis  Cory.     CORY'S  SHEARWATER.  (88.) — A 
pelagic  species,  sometimes  not  uncommon  off  our  coasts  from  August 
to   November.      It  has  been  recorded  from  Amagansett,  Long  Is- 
land (Dutcher,  Auk,   V,    1888,   p.  5),   to  Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts, 
but  doubtless  occurs  along  our  coast  to  the  southward. 

36.  Puffinus  major  Faber.     GREATER  SHEARWATER.   (89.) — 
A  pelagic  species,  found  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  from  Cape  Horn  to 
Greenland.      Its  breeding  place  is  unknown.     It  appears  off  our 
coasts  in  early  June,  and  is  irregularly  common  until  November. 

37.  Puffinus   auduboni    Finsch.      AUDUBON'S  SHEARWATER. 
(92  ) — A  southern  species,  breeding  in  the  Bahamas  and  Bermudas, 
and  rarely  wandering  northward  to  Long  Island  (Dutcher,  Auk,  V, 
1888,  p.  173). 

38.  Puffinus  stricklandi  Ridgw.     SOOTY  SHEARWATER.  (94.) 
— Known  from   the   North  Atlantic  southward  to  South  Carolina. 
It  is  found  off  our  coasts  associated  with  the  Greater  Shearwater, 
but  is  much  less  common. 


—   20    — 

The  Stormy  Petrel  (Procellariapelagica)  is  included  by  Lawrence 
in  his  "Catalogue  of  Birds  Observed  on  New  York  Island"  etc., 
but  the  record  is  not  accompanied  by  data,  nor  is  there  a  specimen 
of  the  bird  from  this  vicinity  in  the  Lawrence  Collection. 

39.  Oceanodroma   leucorhoa    (Vieill.\     LEACH'S  PETREL. 
(106.) — Breeds   from   Maine   northward,   and   in  the  winter  ranges 
southward  to  Virginia.     It  is  rather  uncommon  in  this  vicinity. 

40.  Oceanites  oceanicus  (Kuhl\     WILSON'S  PETREL.  (109.) 
— Nests  in   the  islands  of  the   Southern  Seas   (Kerguelen  Island) 
in   January    and   February,    and    migrates   northward    after    the 
breeding  season,   reaching  the   waters   off  our  coasts  in  May  and 
remaining  until  late  September. 


FIG.  3.     PETREL. 

Order  STEGANOPODES.    Totipalmate 
Swimmers. 

Family  SULID^.— GANNETS. 

41.  Sula  sula  (Linn.].     BOOBY.  (115.) — Coasts  and  islands  of 
tropical  and   sub-tropical  America,  north  of  Georgia.     Accidental 
on  Moriches  Bay,  Long  Island  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  270). 

42.  Sula   bassana    (Linn.\      GANNET.     (117.)— Nests    from 
Nova   Scotia  northward,   and   winters   as  far  south  as  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.     It  occurs  here  as  a  spring  and  fall  migrant. 

Family  PHALACROCORACID^E.— CORMORANTS. 

43.  Phalacrocorax    carbo  (Linn.}.      CORMORANT.    (119.)— 
Breeds  from   Nova  Scotia   northward,  and  winters  as  far  south  as 
the   Carolinas.      It   is   not   common  south  of  Maine,  and  is  rare  in 
this  vicinity. 


—   21   — 

44-  Phalacrocorax  dilophus  (Sw.  6°  Rich?}.  DOUBLE- 
CRESTED  CORMORANT.  (120.) — Breeds  from  Dakota,  Minnesota,  and 
the  Bay  ofFundy  northward,  and  winters  from  Illinois  and  Virginia 
southward.  It  is  here  a  common  spring  and  fall  migrant. 

Family  PELECANID^.— PELICANS. 

45.  Pelecanus  erythrorhynchos  Gmel.      WHITE  PELICAN. 
(125.) — North  America ;    now   rare   or  accidental   on   the  Atlantic 
coast ;    breeds   from   southern  Minnesota   northward   and   winters 
along  the   Gulf  coasts.      Two  specimens  have  been  taken  in  this 
vicinity,  one  at  Carnarsie  Bay,  L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  270), 
the  other,   a  male,   at  Roslyn,   May  n,    1885  (Forest  and  Stream, 
XXIV,  1885,  p.  328). 

46.  Pelecanus   fuscus   Linn.      BROWN   PELICAN.     (126.)— 
Breeds  as  far  north  as  South  Carolina,  and  occasionally  strays  up 
the  coast   as  far  as   Massachusetts.      DeKay  records  a  specimen 
from  Sandy  Hook. 

Order  ANSERES.    Lamellirostral  Swimmers, 

Family  ANATID^E. — DUCKS,  GEESE,  AND  SWANS. 

47.  Merganser  americanus  (Cass.\  AMERICAN  MERGANSER  ; 
SHELLDRAKE.  (129.) — Breeds  from  southern  New  Brunswick  north- 
ward,  and   winters  from   the   southern  limit  of  its  breeding  range 
southward  to  the  Carolinas.     In  this  vicinity  it  is  not  common  from 
November  to  April. 

48.  Merganser  serrator  (Linn.).     RED-BREASTED  MERGAN- 
SER ;  SHELLDRAKE.  (130.) — Breeds  from  New  Brunswick  northward 
to  the  Arctic  Regions  and  migrates  southward  to  Cuba.     On  Long 
Island  it  is  a  very  common  spring  and  fall  migrant  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

49.  Lophodytes  cucullatus  (Linn).     HOODED  MERGANSER. 
(131.) — North  America   generally,   breeding  locally  throughout  its 
range.    Near  New  York  it  is  a  not  common  migrant  and  occasional 
winter  visitant. 

50.  Anas  bochas    Linn.      MALLARD.  (132.) — Northern  parts 
of  the   Northern  Hemisphere.      In  America  it  is  more  common  in 
the  interior,  and   rarely  breeds  on  the  Atlantic  coast  south  of  La- 
brador.    It  is   here  an  irregular  transient  visitant,  occurring  in 
spring,  winter,  and  fall. 


—   2'2    — 


FIG.  4.     MALLARDS. 

*5I.  Anas  obscura  Gmel.  BLACK  DUCK.  (133.) — Breeds  from 
New  Jersey  to  Labrador  and  winters  from  Massachusetts  south- 
ward. It  formerly  nested  in  this  vicinity,  but  now  is  found  chiefly 
as  a  migrant,  and  less  commonly  in  the  winter.  It  still  nests  at 
some  points  on  the  Jersey  coast,  and  in  a  few  localities  on  Long 
Island  (Dutcher,  MS.).  (See  Group,  main  floor,  opposite  Case  F.) 

52.  Anas   strepera    Linn.       GADWALL.      (135.) — Northern 
Hemisphere  ;    in  America  more  common  in  the  interior,   breeding 
locally   from   Kansas   northward.      It  is  found  only  as  a  very  rare 
migrant  in  this  vicinity. 

53.  Anas   penelope   Linn.      EUROPEAN  WIDGEON.    (136.) — 
An  Old  World   species  which  occurs  rarely  on  our  coasts.     It  has 
been  taken  at  Leonia,  New  Jersey  (Chapman,  Auk,  VI,  1889,  p.  302). 

54.  Anasamericana  Gmel.  BALDPATE  ;  AMERICAN  WIDGEON. 
(137.) — Breeds   in   the   interior,   from   Minnesota   northward ;    not 
common   on  the  Atlantic  coast  except  from  Virginia  southward  in 
winter.     In  this  vicinity  it  is  an  irregular  transient  visitant. 

55.  Anas  crecca   Linn.      EUROPEAN   GREEN-WINGED  TEAL. 
(138.) — An  Old  World   species   of   rare   occurrence   on  otrr  coasts. 
It  is  recorded  from  Trenton,  N.  J.  (Abbott,  Geology  of  New  Jersey, 
1868,  p.  792),  and  Hartford,  Conn.  (Treat,  Auk,  VIII,  1891,  p.  112). 


o 


5'    "s 

>  E 
§  * 


—    23   — 


56.  Anas  carolinensis  GmeL     GREEN-WINGED  TEAL.  (139.) 
—  Breeds  from  Minnesota  and  New  Brunswick  northward,  and  win- 
ters thence  southward  to  the  West  Indies.      With  us  it  is  a  rather 
uncommon  spring  and  fall  migrant  and  winter  resident. 

57.  Anas  discors  Linn.  BLUE-WINGED  TEAL.   (140.) — Breeds- 
from  the  northern  Mississippi  Valley  and   New  Brunswick  north- 
ward and  winters  from  Virginia  to  northern  South  America.     It  is 
here  a  rare  spring  and  common  fall  migrant. 

58.  Spatula    clypeata    (Linn.}.      SHOVELLER;    SPOONBILL. 
(142  ) — Northern  Hemisphere;  in  North  America,  breeding  locally 
in  the  interior,  from  Texas  northward.  In  this  vicinity  the  Shoveller 
is  a  rare  and  irregular  transient  visitant. 

59.  Dafila  acuta    (Linn.},       PINTAIL;    SPRIGTAIL.     (143-) — 
Northern  Hemisphere  ;  in  North  America  breeds  in  the  interior  from 
Iowa  and  Illinois  northward  ;  winters  from  the  Middle  States  south- 
ward to  the  West  Indies.    Near  New  York  it  is  a  common  migrant. 

*6o.  Aix  sponsa  (Linn.}.  WOOD  DUCK  ;  SUMMER  DUCK.  (144.) 
— "Temperate  North  America,  breeding  throughout  its  range." 
The  Wood  Duck  is  a  rare  summer  resident  on  some  of  our  more 
retired,  wooded  streams,  and  becomes  more  common  during  the. 
migrations. 

.  61.  Netta  rufina  (Pall.}.  RUFOUS- 
CRESTED  DUCK.  (145.) — This  is  an  Old 
World  species  which  is  known  as  North 
American  only  from  one  specimen  found 
in  Fulton  Market,  New  York  City,  and 
supposed  to  have  been  shot  on  Long  Island. 

62.  AythyaamericanaG£>/.)-  RED- 
HEAD. (146.) — North  America,  breeding 
from  California  and  Maine  northward,  and 
wintering  from  Virginia  southward.  On  FIG.  5.  REDHEAD. 

Long  Island  this  species  occurs  as  a  re- 
gular migrant,  in  varying  numbers,  and  is 
-  occasionally  found  in  the  winter  (Dutchery 
MS.). 

63  Aythya  vallisneria  (Wtls.\ 
CANVAS-BACK.  (147.)  — North  America, 
breeding  only  in  the  interior,  from 
Minnesota  northward,  and  wintering 
from  the  Chesapeake  southward.  It 
FIG.  6.  CANVAS-BACK.  occurs  here  as  a  rare  migrant. 


—   24   — 

64  Aythya  marila  nearctica  Stejn.  AMERICAN  SCAUP 
DUCK  ;  BROAD-BILL;  BLUE-BILL  ;  BLACK-HEAD  ;  RAFT  DUCK.  (148.) — 
North  America,  breeding  in  the  interior  from  Manitoba  northward- 
It  is  the  commonest  Duck  of  our  bays  where  it  is  sometimes  seen 
in  great  numbers.  It  appears  from  the  north  about  October  i, 
and  remains  until  its  feeding  grounds  are  frozen  over,  returning  as 
soon  as  the  ice  breaks  in  the  early  spring. 

65.  Aythya   affinis   (Eyt^).      LESSER  SCAUP  DUCK  ;    LITTLE 
BLUE-BILL  ;     CREEK   BROAD-BILL  ;    RAFT    DUCK.     (149.) — Not    so 
common  as  the  preceding,  with  which  its  range  in  the  main  agrees- 

66.  Aythya  collaris    (Donov.\     RING-NECKED  DUCK.    (150.) 
— North  America,   breeding  only  in  the  interior,  from  Iowa  north- 
ward.    It  is  here  a  very  rare  irregular  transient  visitant. 

67.  Glaucionetta  clangula  americana  (JBonap.\   AMERICAN 
GOLDEN-EYE;  WHISTLER.  (151.) — North  America;  breeding  from 
Manitoba  and  Maine  northward,  and  wintering  from  the  southern 
limit    of    its   breeding  range   to   the   West  Indies.       In   favorable 
localities  within  our  limits  the  Whistler  is  a  not  uncommon  migrant 
and  winter  resident. 

68  Charitonetta  albeola  (Linn .).  BUFFLE-HEAD  ;  BUTTER- 
BALL.  (153.) — Breeds  from  Iowa  and  Maine  northward,  and  winters 
from  near  the  southern  limit  of  its  breeding  range  to  the  West 
Indies.  It  is  a  not  uncommon  migrant  and  winter  resident  in  this 
vicinity. 

69.  Clangula  hyemalis    (Linn.).      OLD-SQUAW;    OLD-WIFE; 
SOUTH-SOUTHERLY.    (154.)— Breeds  in   the  far  north   and    winters 
southward   to  Virginia.     With   us  it  is  a  common  winter  resident. 

70.  Histrionicus  histrionicus   (Linn.).     HARLEQUIN  DUCK. 
(155.) — Breeds  from  Newfoundland  northward,   and  winters  south- 
ward  to  New  Jersey.      A   very   rare  winter  visitant  off  our  coast. 
(See  Dutcher,  Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  434;  VI,  1889,  p.  134.) 

Camptolaimus  labradorius  (Gmel.\  LABRADOR  DUCK. 
(156.) — "Formerly  Northern  Atlantic  coast,  from  New  Jersey  (in 
winter)  northward,  breeding  from  Labrador  northward."  Doubt- 
less now  extinct.  The  Labrador  Duck  was  apparently  once  a  not 
uncommon  winter  bird  on  Long  Island.  In  a  paper  by  Mr.  William 
Dutcher  (Auk,  VIII,  1891,  p.  201),  summarizing  our  knowledge  of 
its  life-history  and  enumerating  the  extant  specimens,  Mr.  George 


N.  Lawrence  is  quoted  as  saying:  "I  recollect  that  about  forty  or 
more  years  ago  it  was  not  unusual  to  see  them  in  Fulton  Market, 
and  without  doubt  they  were  killed  on  Long  Island  ;  at  one  time 
I  remember  seeing  six  fine  males,  which  hung  in  the  market  until 
spoiled  for  want  of  a  purchaser."  Only  forty-two  of  these  Ducks 
have  been  recorded  as  existing  in  collections.  Of  this  number 
seven  are  in  the  American  Museum.  (See  Group,  main  floor,  opp. 
Case  E.) 

71.  Somateria  dresseri   Sharpe.     AMERICAN  EIDER.    (160.) 
— Breeds  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy  to  Labrador  and  winters  south- 
ward to  the  Delaware.     It  his  here  a  rare  winter  visitant. 

72.  Somateria  spectabilis  (Linn.}.     KING  EIDER.    (162.) — 
Breeds  from  Labrador  to  the  Arctic  Regions,  migrating  southward 
regularly  as   far  as   eastern  Long  Island    (Dutchery   Auk,  V,  1888, 
P-  175). 

73.  Oidemia  americana    Sw.  &  Rich.     AMERICAN  SCOTER  ; 
BLACK  COOT.  (163.) — Breeds    from   Labrador    northward,    and    in 
winter  is   found   as  far  south  as  Virginia.      In  our  waters   it  is  a 
more  or  less  common  migrant  and  winter  resident. 

74.  Oidemia   deglandi   Bonap.      WHITE-  WINGED  SCOTER  ; 
WHITE-WINGED  COOT.    (165.) — Breeds  from  Labrador  northward, 
and  winters  southward  to  Virginia.     It  is  a  common  migrant  and 
winter  visitant  off  our  coasts. 

75.  Oidemia  perspicillata  (Linn}.     SURF  SCOTER.  (166.)— 
Breeds   from   the   Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence   northward,   and    winters 
•southward  to  Virginia.   It  is  found  here  with  the  preceding  species. 

76.  Erismatura   rubida  (Wils}.      RUDDY   DUCK.    (167.)— 
Found  from  northern  South  America  to  the  Fur  Countries,   breed- 
ing locally  throughout  its  range.     With  us  it  is  a  not  uncommon 
migrant,  occurring  in  varying  numbers. 

77.  Chen   hyperborea   nivalis   (Forst.\      GREATER   SNOW 
•GOOSE.  (169^.) — Breeds   in   the  far  north  and  migrates  southward, 
•casually  to  Cuba.  In  this  vicinity  it  is  an  irregular  transient  visitant. 

78.  Chen   caerulescens    (Linn}.      BLUE  GOOSE.    (169.1.)— 
Breeds  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  region,  and  migrates  chiefly  through 
the  interior  to  Texas.     It  is  a  rare  bird  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  The 
only    record    for  this    vicinity    is    based  on  a  specimen  killed  on 
Shinnecock  Bay,  L   I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  270). 


-    26    -- 

79-  Anser  albifrons  gambeli  (Hart I.}.  AMERICAN  WHITE- 
FRONTED  GOOSE  (1710.) — North  America,  breeding  far  northward  > 
in  winter,  south  to  Mexico  and  Cuba.  Rare  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 
It  has  been  recorded  on  Long  Island  from  Babylon  (Giraud\  Great 
South  Bay,  Islip,  and  Montauk  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p. 271). 

*8o.  Branta  canadensis  (Linn.}.  CANADA  GOOSE.  (172.) — 
Breeds  from  Newfoundland  and  Minnesota  northward,  and  migrates 
southward  to  the  West  Indies  and  Mexico.  It  is  here  a  common 
migrant,  appearing  in  November  and  remaining  until  our  bays  are 
frozen.  In  the  spring  the  last  birds  pass  on  their  northward 
journey  as  late  as  early  May. 


FJG.  7.     CANADA  GOOSE. 

81.  Branta   canadensis   hutchinsii   (Sw.  o°  Rich.}.     HUT- 
CHINS'S   GOOSE.      (1720.)— Breeds    within    the    Arctic  Circle    and 
migrates   southward,   chiefly   through   the    Mississippi  Valley.      It 
is  a  rare  migrant  in  this  vicinity. 

82.  Branta  bernicla  (Linn.}.    BRANT.  (173.)— Breeds  within 
the  Arctic  Circle  ;  in  North  America,  migrates  southward  along  the 
Atlantic   coast,   reaching   North  Carolina  in   winter.     It  is  here  a. 


—   27    — 

common  bird,  appearing  from  the  north  in  October  and  remaining 
until  our  bays  are  frozen,  when  it  retreats  farther  southward,  la 
April  it  returns  and  the  migration  is  not  concluded  until  May. 

83.  Branta   nigricans    (Lawr.\      BLACK   BRANT.    (174.) — 
This  is  a  western  species  which  is  occasionally  found  on  our  coasts 
It  has  been  recorded  from  Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.  (Lawrence],  Babylon 
and  Islip,  L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  1893,  pp.  266,  271). 

84.  Branta  leucopsis  (Bechst.).     BARNACLE  GOOSE.  (175.) — 
An   Old  World  species,  occurring  accidentally  on  our  coasts.     A 
specimen  was  killed  on  Jamaica  Bay,  L.  I.,  in  October,  1876  (Law- 
rence, Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  II,  1877,  D.  18). 

85.  Olor  columbianus  (Ord.).     WHISTLING   SWAN.  (180.) — 
Breeds  in   the   far  north,   and  winters  as  far  south  as  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.      It  is  an   exceedingly   rare   bird  on   the  Atlantic   coast 
north  of  the  Chesapeake. 

Order  HERODIONES.    Herons,  Storks, 
Ibises,  etc. 

Family  IBIDID^S.— IBISES^. 

86.  Guara  alba  (Linn.}.     WHITE  IBIS.  (184.) — A  bird  of  the 
Southern  States,  which  has  been  recorded  twice  from  this  vicinity, 
(Raynor  South  and  Moriches,  L.  I.,  Giraud). 

87.  Piegadis  autumnalis  (Hasselq.\    GLOSSY  IBIS.  (186.)— 
An  Old  World  species  of  "irregular  distribution  in  America."     It 
has  been  recorded  once  from  Southampton,   L.  I.,  and  once  from 
Carnarsie  Bay,  L.  I.    (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  271). 

Family  ARDEID^E. — HERONS,  EGRETS,  BITTERNS,  ETC. 

*88.  Botaurus  lentiginosus  (Montag.\  AMERICAN  BITTERN. 
(190.) —"Temperate  North  America,  south  to  Guatemala  and  the 
West  Indies";  breeds  but  rarely  south  of  Virginia.  In  this  vicinity 
it  is  not  common  during  the  summer. 

89.  Ardetta  exilis  (Gmel.).  LEAST  BITTERN.  (191.)— 
Temperate  and  tropical  America,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Maine. 
It  is  here  a  locally  common  summer  resident. 


—    28    — 

90.  Ardea  herodias    Linn.     GREAT  BLUE  HERON.    (194.) — 
"  North  America,   from  the  Arctic  Regions  southward  to  the  West 
Indies  and   Northern   South    America."      With  us  it  is  a  common 
migrant,  and  in  a  few  localities  is  found  as  a  summer  resident.      It 
is  generally  known  by  the  name  of  "Crane"  or  "Sandhill  Crane." 

91.  Ardea   egretta     Gmel.      AMERICAN    EGRET       (i96-)— 
A  southern  species,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Virginia,  and  after  the 
breeding  season   wandering  northward   in   small   numbers.     It  is 
here  a  rare  but  apparently  regular  summer  visitant,  arriving  about 
August  i,   and   remaining   until    the  last    of    September  (Dutcher, 
Auk,  X,  1884,  p.  32). 

92.  Ardea  candidissima    Gmel.      SNOWY  HERON.    (197.)— 
Has   much   the   same   range   as   the  preceding  species,   and  like  it 
strays   northward   after  the   breeding   season.      It  occurs  in  small 
numbers,   but  regularly,  in   some  localities   in  this  vicinity.     One 
of  three   individuals   seen  near  Sayville,    L.  I.,    May  30,    1885,   by 
Messrs.   William   Butcher  and    L.  S.  Foster  was  "carrying  a  long 
stick  in  its  bill  "  (Dutcher,  Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  435),  and  it  is  possible 
was  preparing  to  breed. 

93.  Ardea  caerulea  Linn.     LITTLE  BLUE   HERON.    (200.)— 
This   southern   species,   like   the  preceding,  wanders  northward  in 
small  numbers  after  the  breeding  season,  and  a  few  are  sometimes 
found  near  New  York.     (See  Group,  main  floor,  opposite  Case  D.) 

*94.  Ardea  virescens  Linn  GREEN  HERON.  (201.) — Breeds 
from  the  Bay  of  Fundy  southward.  It  is  one  of  our  commonest 
Herons  and  is  known  under  a  great  variety  of  names.  It  haunts 
the  banks  of  streams  and  ponds,  and  places  its  nest  of  sticks  in  a 
bush  or  the  lower  branch  of  a  tree. 

*95  Nycticorax  nycticorax  nsevius  (Bodd.\  BLACK-CROWN- 
ED NIGHT  HERON  ;  QUAWK.  (202.) — Breeds  from  New  Brunswick 
southward.  It  nests  in  colonies,  placing  a  small  platform-like  nest 
in  the  upper  branches  of  trees.  There  is  a  colony  containing  about 
1000  pairs  not  far  from  New  York  City.  The  popular  name 
"Quawk",  is  derived  from  the  call  of  the  bird. 

96.  Nycticorax  violaceus  (£/>?«.).  YELLOW-CROWNED  NIGHT 
HERON.  (203.) — Breeds  from  South  Carolina  southward  and 
occasionally  strays  up  the  coast  as  far  as  Massachusetts.  There 
is  but  one  definite  record  for  this  region,  that  of  a  sp'ecimen  taken 
in  April,  near  Freeport,  Queens  County,  L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X, 
1893,  p.  286). 


—   29 


Order  PALUDICOLE    Cranes,   Rails,  etc. 

Family  RALLID^E. — RAILS,  GALLINULES,  AND  COOTS. 

97.  Rallus  elegans  Aud.      KING  RAIL.     (208.)— Breeds  as 
far  north  as  Connecticut,   and  has  been  known  to  stray  to  Maine. 
It  is  a  rare  summer  resident  of  our  fresh-water  marshes  (Dutcher, 
Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  176). 

98.  Rallus  longirostris  crepitans  (Gmel.).  CLAPPER  RAIL; 
MEADOW  HEN  ;  MARSH  HEN.  (211.) — Salt-water  marshes  of  eastern 
North  America,  breeding  from  Connecticut  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
This  is  an  exceedingly  common  summer  resident,  and  is  occasionally 
found   in  winter  in  the   salt  marshes  of  our  coasts.     The  nest  is 
placed  on  the   ground  among  the  meadow  grasses.     (See  Group, 
main  floor,  between  Cases  O  and  P.) 

99.  Rallus   virginianus    Linn.      VIRGINIA    RAIL.    (212  ) — 
Breeds    from    Pennsylvania    northward.      In  this  vicinity  it  is   a 
locally   common   summer  resident,   and   a   few   remain  during  the 
winter. 

100.  Porzana   Carolina    (Linn.).      SORA  ;    CAROLINA  RAIL; 
RAIL-BIRD.     (214.) — Breeds    from    Long   Island    northward,    and 
winters  from  South  Carolina  to  northern  South  America.     It  is  a 
rather  rare  summer  resident  in  this  vicinity,  but  in  the  fall  becomes 
common,  feeding  on  the  wild  rice  of  our  marshes  where,  however, 
it  is  yearly  becoming  less  numerous. 

101.  Porzana noveboracensis  (£/««?/.).     YELLOW  RAIL.  (215.) 
— "  Eastern   North  America,   from  Nova  Scotia  and  Hudson's  Bay 
west  to   Utah  and  Nevada."      Little  is  known  about  the  nesting 
habits  of  this  bird.     It  haunts  grassy  marshes  and  seeks  safety  by 
hiding  or  running,  and  for  this  reason  is  rarely  seen.     Several  have 
been   taken   during  the  fall  migration  in  this  vicinity,  and  it  is 
doubtless  more  common  than  is  generally  supposed. 

102.  Porzana  jamaicensis  (Gmel.).      BLACK  RAIL.    (216.)  — 
Temperate    North    America,     north    to    Massachusetts,    probably 
breeding  throughout  its  range.     This  bird,    though  much   rarer, 
has,  as  far  as  known,  the  same  habits  as  the  preceding  species,  and 


—    30    — 

like  it  is  very  difficult  to  observe.  It  has  been  taken  in  the  spring 
at  Jamaica  Bay,  and  doubtless  breeds  in  this  vicinity,  as  its  nest 
has  been  found  at  Saybrook,  Conn.  (Clark,  Auk,  I,  1884,  p.  394). 

103.  Crex  crex    (Linn.}     CORN   CRAKE.  "  (217.) — This  is  an 
Old  World  species,   which  sometimes  strays  to  Greenland  and  our 
Atlantic  coast.     In  this  vicinity  there  are  records  for  Sag  Harbor, 
L.  I.  (Butcher,  Auk,   III,    1886,  p.  435),  Oakdale,  L.  I.  (ibid.,  Auk, 
V,     1888,    p.  177),    and   Saybrook,    Conn.    (Clark,    Orn.  and  Ool., 
XIII,  1888,  p.  45). 

104.  lonornis  martinica  (Linn}.  PURPLE  GALLINULE.  (218.) 
—Tropical  America,   breeding  as  far  north  as  South  Carolina,  and 

straying  casually  to  Maine.  There  are  but  two  definite  records 
for  this  region,  —  Middle  Island,  L.  I.  (Helme,  Orn.  and  Ool.,  VII, 
1882,  p.  118),  and  Indian  Pond,  near  Flatlands,  L.  I.  (Dutcher, 
Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  272). 

105.  Gallinula  galeata  (Licht.}.  FLORIDA  GALLINULE.  (219.) 
—Temperate  and  tropical  America,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Maine, 

and  wintering  from  Florida  southward.  It  breeds  only  locally  in 
the  northeastern  part  of  its  range,  frequenting  the  borders  of 
ponds  or  streams  surrounded  by  marshy  grounds.  Its  nest  has  not 
been  found  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  New  York  City,  where  it 
is  known  only  as  a  rare  migrant. 

*io6.  Fulica  americana  Gmel.  COOT  ;  MUD-HEN  ;  CROW- 
DUCK  (221.)— "North  America,  from  Greenland  and  Alaska  south- 
ward to  the  West  Indies  and  Central  America",  breeding  locally 
throughout  its  range.  The  Mud-hen  is  a  not  uncommon  bird 
during  the  migration,  but  it  is  recorded  as  breeding  only  near 
Morristown,  N.  J.  (Thurber,  True  Democratic  Banner,  newspaper, 
Nov.  10,  1887). 

Order  LIMICOLE.    Shore  Birds. 

Family  PHALAROPODID^E.— PHALAROPES. 

107.  Crymophilus  fulicarius  (Linn}.  RED  PHALAROPE. 
•(222.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  regions,  and  migrates  southward  to 
the  Middle  States.  The  Phalaropes  are  pelagic  birds,  not  often 
coming  to  our  coasts  unless  driven  shoreward  by  storms.  There 
are  both  August  and  May  records  for  this  species  on  Long  Island. 


—    31    — 

108.  Phalaropus  lobatus  (Linn.).     NORTHERN  PALHAROPE. 
(223.) — "  Northern  portions  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding 
in  Arctic  latitudes ;    south  in   winter  to   the  tropics."      This  bird 
occurs  with  us  as  a  regular  migrant,  and  after  severe  storms  is 
sometimes  common  in  flocks.     (See  Dutcher,  Auk,  1884,  p.  33.) 

109.  Phalaropus  tricolor   (Vidll).      WILSON'S  PHALAROPE. 
(224.) — Interior  of  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Illinois 
northward.     With  us  it  is  a  very  rare  and  irregular  migrant. 

Family    RECURVIROSTRID^E.— AVOCETS   AND   STILTS. 

HO.  Recurvirostraamericana(6V^/.).  AMERICAN  AVOCET. 
(225.)— A  bird  of  the  interior,  breeding  from  Texas  to  the  Saskatche- 
wan. Giraud  mentions  it  as  casual  on  Long  Island,  and  says  that  a 
few  breed  at  Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.  Mr.  William  Dutcher  records 
four  individuals  seen  by  Col.  Nicolas  Pike  on  Long  Island  as 
follows:  Ponquogue,  1844;  Carnarsie  Bay,  1847;  Southampton, 
two,  no  date  (Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  272). 

in.  Himantopusmexicanus  (Mull.).  BLACK-NECKED  STILT. 
(226.) — A  southern  species,  breeding  in  the  Gulf  States  and  locally 
in  the  Mississippi  Valley  ;  rare  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Giraud 
mentions  it  as  "unfrequent",  and  Mr.  Dutcher  records  two  speci- 
mens taken  by  Col.  Pike  on  Great  South  Bay,  one  of  them  in  1843 
(Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  272). 

Family  SCOLOPACID^.— SNIPES,  SANDPIPERS,  ETC. 

112.  Scolopax  rusticola  Linn.  EUROPEAN  WOODCOCK.  (227.) 
— The   occurrence   of  this   species   in  North  America  is  of  course 
accidental.      The    only    record    for   this   vicinity   is  based    on    a 
specimen  found  in  Washington  Market,  December  6,   1859,  which 
was   said   to   have   been   killed   near  Shrewsbury,  N.  J.  (Lawrence, 
Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist,  VIII,  1866,  p.  223). 

113.  Philohela  minor  (Gmel.).   WOODCOCK.  (228.) — Eastern 
North  America,  north  to  Labrador  and  Manitoba,  breeding  through- 
out  its   range,   and   wintering  from  southern  Illinois  and  Virginia 
southward.     The  Woodcock  is  a  common  summer  resident  in  the 
vicinity  of  New  York,  and  doubtless  will  remain  so  as  long  as  it  is 
protected   by   law   during  the  summer.     It  arrives  early  in  March, 
and   does   not   leave   us   until   the  ground  is  frozen.     (See  Group, 
main  floor,  between  Cases  A  and  B.) 


—   32   — 


FIG.  8.     WOODCOCK. 

114.  Gallinago  delicata  (Ord).     WILSON'S  SNIPE;    ENGLISH 
SNIPE.    (230.) — North   America,   breeding  from   Connecticut  and 
northern    Illinois    northward    to    Labrador,    and    wintering    from 
southern  Illinois   and  South  Carolina  to   northern  South  America. 
In    this   vicinity    it    is    a  not    uncommon    migrant,    and    crippled 
birds  are  said  to   have  nested  on  several  occasions  near  Chatham, 
N.  J.  (Herrick,   Forest  and   Stream,    XII,    1879,    p.  165).     During 
mild  seasons  a  few  pass  the  winter  here  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

115.  Macrorhamphus  griseus  (Gmel.).    DOWITCHER    (231.) 
— North  America,    breeding  in  the  Arctic  Regions,   and  wintering 
from  Florida  southward.     With  us  it  is  a  common  migrant,  arriving 
from  the  south  about  May  i,  and  returning  from  the  north  between 
July  10  and  August  15. 

Migrating  Snipe,  Sandpipers,  and  Plovers  fly,  as  a  rule,  some 
distance  off  the  land  and  if  the  weather-  is  calm  and  clear,  very  few 
birds  occur  on  our  shores  If,  however,  during  their  migrations 
storms  from  the  right  quarter,  or  fogs  occur,  many  birds  are  driven 
shoreward  and  there  results  what  among  sportsmen  is  known  as  a 
'flight'. 

116.  Macrorhamphus   scolopaceus    (Say).      LONG-BILLED 
DOWITCHER.    (232  ) — Western  North  America,  breeding  in  Alaska. 

This  western  representative  of  our  common  Dowitcher  is  a 
rare  but  regular  late  fall  migrant  along  the  Atlantic  coast. 


—    33    — 

117-  Micropalama  himantopus  (Bonap.\  STILT  SAND- 
PIPER. (233.) — Breeds  within  the  Arctic  Circle  and  migrates  south- 
ward in  winter  to  South  America.  It  is  here  a  not  common  but 
by  no  means  rare  migrant,  occurring  chiefly  during  the  fall  migration 
from  the  middle  of  July  to  the  middle  of  September. 

118.  Tringa  canutus  Linn.     KNOT;  ROBIN  SNIPE.  (234.)— 
Breeds   within  the  Arctic  Circle  and  winters  from  Florida  south- 
ward.    In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  common  migrant,  passing  northward 
during  May,  and  returning  from  the  middle  of  July  to  the  first  of 
October. 

119.  Tringa  maritima  Brilnn.     PURPLE  SANDPIPER.  (235.^ 
— Breeds  within  the  Arctic  Circle,  and  migrates  southward,  reach-- 
ing Long  Island,  where  it  is  a  rare  but  regular  winter  resident.. 

120.  Tringa  maculata  Vieill.    PECTORAL  SANDPIPER  ;  KRIE- 
KER.  (239.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions,  and  migrates  in  winter 
to  South  America.    The  Krieker,  as  it  is  locally  known,  is  a  common 
and   sometimes  abundant  fall   migrant  in  this  vicinity  but  is  less 
frequently  seen   in  the  spring.      It  returns  from  the  north  in  early 
August,  and  its  migration  is  concluded  about  the  last  of  October. 

121.  Tringa  fuscicollis   Vieill.     WHITE-RUMPED  SANDPIPER. 
(240.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions  and  migrates  as  far  south  as 
Patagonia.      It  is  here  a  not  uncommon  spring  and  fall  migrant. 

122.  Tringa  bairdii    (Coues).     BAIRD'S  SANDPIPER.    (241.)— 
This   is   a  bird   of  the  interior  of  North  America,  breeding  withim 
the  Arctic  Regions  and   migrating  southward  to  South  America.. 
It  is  rare  or  casual  on  the  Atlantic  coast.       There  are  several 
records  for  this  vicinity  as  follows :  Rockaway,  L.  I.,   August,  two- 
specimens,  and  September,  two  specimens  (N.  T.  Lawrence,  Forest 
and  Stream,  X,  1878,  p.  235),  and  Far  Rockaway,  L.  I.,  August,  one 
specimen  (N.  T.  Lawrence,  Auk,  II,  1885,  p.  273). 

123.  Tringa   minutilla    Vieill.       LEAST   SANDPIPER;  PEEP; 
MEADOW  OXEYE.  (242.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions  and  winters, 
from  the  Gulf  States  to  Patagonia.     This  is  one  of  our  commonest 
Sandpipers,    and   with   the  Semipalmated  Sandpiper,   is   the   little 
"Peep"  or  uOxeye"  seen  in  small  flocks  running  along  our  shores 
and  beaches.     It  passes  northward  during  May  and  returns  about 
July  10,  the  fall  migration  being  concluded  about  September  i. 


—    34   — 

124-  Tringa  alpina  pacifica  (Coues).  RED-BACKED  SAND- 
PIPER ;  LEAD-BACK.  (2430.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions  and 
winters  from  Florida  southward.  This  is  a  very  common  migrant 
on  our  coasts,  but  is  less  common  in  the  spring  than  in  the  fall. 
It  migrates  northward  in  early  May  and  returns  about  September  i, 
remaining  until  November. 

The  Dunlin  (Tringa  alpina),  the  European  representative  of 
the  preceding,  from  which  it  differs  only  slightly,  has  been  taken 
once  at  Shinnecock  Bay,  L.  I.  (Young,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  78). 

125.  Tringa  ferruginea  Brilnn.  CURLEW  SANDPIPER.  (244.) 
— "Old  World  in   general,   occasional   in  eastern  North  America." 
There  are  several  records  of  its  occurrence  on  Long  Island. 

126.  Ereunetes    pusillus    (Linn.}.      SEMIPALMATED   SAND- 
PIPER; PEEP;  SAND-OXEVE.   (246.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions, 
and    winters   from   Florida   to   South  America.      This  is  our  most 
common  Sandpiper,  and  during  its  fall  migration  is  abundant  along 
our  shores  in   small   flocks.      It    migrates  northward  during  May, 
returns  about  July  10,  and  the  fall  migration  is  not  concluded  until 
about  October  i. 

127.  Ereunetes  occidentalis  Lawr.     WESTERN  SANDPIPER. 
("247.)— This  is  the  western  representative  of  the  preceding.      It  is 
not  infrequently   found  on  our  coast,  generally  associated  with  E. 
pusillus. 

128.  Calidris  arenaria  (Linn.}.     SANDERLING  ;  SURF  SNIPE. 
(248. ) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions,  and  in  America  migrates  as  far 
south  as   Patagonia.      It  is  an  abundant  migrant  along  our  coasts, 
where,  as  a  rule,  it  is  found  on  the  outer  beaches.    It  passes  north- 
ward  during  May,   and   returns   on   its   southward   journey  about 
July  10,  from  which  date  until  October  it  is  more  or  less  numerous. 

129.  Limosa   fedoa    (Linn.}.     MARBLED  GODWIT  ;    BROWN 
MARLIX.   (249.) — Breeds   chiefly   in   the  interior,   from  Minnesota 
northward,  and  winters  as  far  south  as  Central  America  and  Cuba. 
This  is  a  rare  bird  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  where  it  occurs  only  as 
an  irregular  fall  visitant. 

130.  Limosa   haemastica   (Linn}.      HUDSONIAN   GODWIT; 
RING-TAILED  MARLIN.    (251.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding 
in   the  Arctic  Regions  and   migrating  as   far  south  as  Patagonia: 


—    35    — 

In  this  vicinity  the  Ring-tail  Marlin  is  an  irregular  fall  migrant 
(Dutcher,  Auk,   III,    1889,  p.  437). 

*I3I.  Totanus  melanoleucus  (Gmel.).  GREATER  YELLOW- 
LEGS.  (254.) — Breeds  from  Labrador  northward,  and  winters  from 
the  Gulf  States  to  Patagonia.  It  is  a  common  migrant,  arriving 
in  the  spring  about  the  latter  half  of  April,  and  returning  in  the 
latter  half  of  July,  the  migration  not  being  concluded  until  No- 
vember. 

132.  Totanus   flavipes    (Gmel.).      YELLOW-LEGS;    SUMMER 
YELLOW-LEGS.     (255.) — Breeds   chiefly    in    the    interior,  from  the 
Northern  States  northward,   and  winters  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
Patagonia.     With   us   it  is  very  rare  in  the  spring  but  is  abundant 
during  its  southward  migration,  which  begins  about  July  15  and 
ends  in  September. 

133.  Totanus   solitarius    (Wits.}.       SOLITARY    SANDPIPER. 
(256.) — Breeds  from  the  Northern  States  northward,  and  winters  in 
South  America      It  passes  northward  in  May  and  returns  in  July. 
It  is  not  a  true  shore-bird,  but  is  more  frequently  found  near  fresh- 
water ponds  and  streams. 

134.  Symphemia  semipalmata  (Gmel.).     WILLET.   (258.) — 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  regularly  from  Florida  to  south- 
ern New  Jersey,  and  locally  and  rarely  as  far  as  Nova  Scotia.     In 
this  vicinity  it  occurs  only  as  a  fall  migrant.     It  is  probable  that 
the  Western  Willet  (S.  s.  inornata]   is   also    occasionally  found   on 
•our  coasts. 

135.  Pavoncella  pugnax    (Linn.).     RUFF.    (260.) — u North- 
ern parts  of  the  Old  World,  straying  occasionally  to  eastern  North 
America."     There  are  three  specimens  of  this  bird  in  the  American 
Museum   from    North   America,  two   of  which,  in  the  Lawrence 
Collection,  are  labeled  "  Long  Island  ",  while  the  third  is  in  the  Elliot 
Collection  and  is  labeled  "Barnegat,  N.  J." 

136.  Bartramia  longicauda  (Bechst^.     BARTRAMIAN  SAND- 
PIPER ;    UPLAND   PLOVER;    FIELD   PLOVER.    (261.) — Breeds    from 
Virginia  and  Kansas   to  Nova  Scotia  aud  Alaska,   and  winters  in 
South  America.     In  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City  it  is  found  as  a 
rather  rare  migrant  and  still  rarer  summer  resident.  It  arrives  about 
the  middle  of  April  and  frequents  fields  and  pastures. 


—    36    — 

137-  Tryngitessubruficoliis(F/>///.).  BUFF-BREASTED  SAND- 
PIPER. (262.) — A  bird  of  the  interior,  breeding  in  the  far  north  and 
wintering  in  South  America.  It  is  very  rare  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 
Giraud  records  "a  party  of  five"  as  seen  in  August  on  Gowanus 
Bay ;  four  specimens  have  been  taken  at  Rockaway  in  August  and 
September  (JV .T.  Lawrence,  Forest  and  Stream,  X,  1879,  p.  235); 
one  was  taken  in  August  at  Montauk  Point  (Berier,  Bull.  N.  O.  C, 
VI,  1880,  p  126);  and  Mr.  Butcher  mentions  an  August  specimen 
from  Suffolk  County  and  a  midsummer  bird  from  Shinnecock  Bay 
(Auk,  VI,  1889,  p.  136). 

*I38.  Actitismacularia  (£//"/.)•  SPOTTED  SANDPIPER;  TIP-UP. 
(263.) — South  America,  and  North  America  to  Labrador,  breeding 
throughout  its  North  American  range.  This  is  the  common 
summer  Sandpiper  so  frequently  seen  on  our  ponds,  streams,  and 
beaches. 

139.  Numenius  longirostris  Wils.     LONG-BILLED  CURLEW  \ 
SICKLE-BILL.  (264/1 — Breeds   in   the  interior  as  far  north  as  Mani- 
toba,  and   on   the  Atlantic   coast  as  far  as  North  Carolina.      It  is 
here  a  rare  and  irregular  fall  visitant. 

140.  Numenius  hudsonicus   Lath.      HUDSONIAN  CURLEW  ; 
JACK  CURLEW.  (265.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions,  and  winters 
from   the  Gulf  States  to  Patagonia.      The  "Jack  Curlew",  as  it  is 
locally  known,   is   a   not  uncommon   migrant  in  this  vicinity.      It 
passes    northward    in   May,    and    the    southern   migration   occurs 
between  the  middle  of  July  and  the  first  of  October. 

141.  Numenius  borealis  (Forst.).  ESKIMO  CURLEW  ;  DOUGH- 
BIRD  ;  FUTE.  (266.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions  and  winters  in 
South  America.      Mr.  Butcher    is    of  the    opinion   that  this   bird 
migrates   some   distance  off  the  coasts ;    it  is  found  on  our  shores 
only  after  heavy  storms. 

Family  CHARADRIID^E.— PLOVERS. 

142.  Vanellus  vanellus  (Linn.}.     LAPWING.  (269.)— An  Old 
World   species,   of  accidental   occurrence  in  America.     The  only 
record  for  Eastern  North  America  south  of  Greenland  is  that  of  a 
specimen   shot  at  Merrick,   L.  I.,  December,    1883  (Dutcher,  Auk> 
III,  1886,  p.  438). 

143.  Charadrius  squatarola  (Linn.}.     BLACK-BELLIED  PLO- 
VER ;  BEETLE-HEAD.  (270.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions  and  ia 


—    37    — 

America  winters  as  far  south  as  Brazil.  With  us  it  is  a  common 
migrant,  more  numerous  in  the  fall.  It  passes  northward  from 
about  April  15  to  June  i,  and  the  return  migration  occurs  between 
August  i  and  November  i. 

144.  Charadrius  dominicus  Mull.  GOLDEN  PLOVER  ;  GREEN- 
BACK. (272.) — Breeds  in  the  Arctic  Regions,  and  winters  from 
Florida  to  Patagonia.  In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  rare  spring  and 
common  fall  migrant,  occurring  chiefly  in  September. 

*I45.  -^Egialitis  vocifera  (Linn'}.  KILDEER.  (273.) — Breeds 
from  Florida  to  Manitoba,  and  winters  from  Virginia  to  South 
America.  In  the  neighborhood  of  New  York  City  the  Kildeer  is  a 
rare  summer  resident  and  not  uncommon  migrant.  It  arrives  in 
March  and  remains  with  us  until  November. 

146.  ^Egialitis  semipalmata  Bonap.     SEMIPALMATED  PLO- 
VER; RING-NECK.  (274.) — Breeds  from  Labrador  northward,   and 
winters  from  the  Gulf  States  to  Brazil.     The  Ring-neck  is  one  of 
our  commonest  shore-birds.      It  passes  northward  in  May  and 
returns  about  July  15,  the  fall  migration  not  being  concluded  until 
October  i. 

147.  ^Egialitis  meloda  (Ord).      PIPING  PLOVER.    (277.) — 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Virginia  to  Newfoundland, 
and  wintering  from  Florida  southward.     It  is  here  a  rare  summer 
resident,  arriving  in  April  and  remaining  until  September. 

148.  -^Egialitis  meloda  circumcincta  Ridgw.  BELTED  PIP- 
ING PLOVER.  (277^.) — This  is  a  representative  of  the  preceding, 
which  sometimes  occurs  on  our  coasts.     There  is  but  one  record 
for  this  vicinity.      (Rockaway,    L.  I.,   April  30,  1873,  adult  male, 
Eagle,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  Ill,  1878,  p.  94.) 

149.  ^Egialitis  wilsonia    (Ord).     WILSON'S  PLOVER.    (280.) 
— Breeds  as  far  north  as  Virginia,   and  strays  casually  to  Nova 
Scotia.     There  are  several  records  for  Long  Island  (Dutcher,  Bull. 
N.  O.  C.,  IV,  1879,  p.  242;  Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  438  —  Shinnecock  Bay), 
and  one  for  Bridgeport,   Conn.  (Averill,  List  of  Birds  found  in  the 
Vicinity  of  Bridgeport,  1892,  p.  9). 

Family  APHRIZIDJE.  — SURF  BIRDS  AND  TURNSTONES. 

150.  Arenaria    interpres    (Linn).       TURNSTONE;     BRANT 
BIRD  ;  CALICO-BACK.    (283.) — Breeds  in   the  Arctic  Regions,   and 


—   38   — 

migrates  as  far  south  as  Patagonia.  With  us  it  is  a  common 
migrant,  passing  northward  in  May,  returning  about  August  i,  and 
remaining  until  September. 

Family  H^EMATOPODID^.— OYSTER-CATCHERS. 

151.  Haematopuspalliatus  Temm.  OYSTER-CATCHER.  (286.) 
— Breeds  as  far  north  as  southern  New  Jersey  and  occasionally 
strays  to  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  here  of  rare  and  irregular  occurrence 
(Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  272). 

Order  GALLING.    Gallinaceous  Birds. 

Family  TETRAONID^E.— GROUSE,  PARTRIDGES,  ETC 

*I52.  Colinus  virginianus  (Linn.}.  BOB-WHITE;  QUAIL. 
(289.) — Eastern  North  America,  from  southern  Maine  and  Minne- 
sota southward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  resident  wherever  found. 
Quail  are  not  uncommon  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  but  they 
are  so  eagerly  hunted  that,  as  the  country  becomes  more  thickly 
settled,  only  the  most  rigid  enforcement  of  the  game-laws  will 
preserve  them  from  extermination. 

*I53  Bonasa  umbellus  (Linn.).  RUFFED  GROUSE  ;  PART- 
RIDGE. (300.) — Eastern  United  States,  from  Vermont  to  Virginia, 
and  along  the  Alleghanies  to  northern  Georgia.  Partridges  are 
much  less  common  with  us  than  Quails.  They  are  birds  of  the 
woods,  and  for  this  reason  disappear  with  the  forests,  while  Quails, 
on  the  contrary,  become  more  numerous  as  the  country  is  cleared. 
(See  Group,  main  floor,  opposite  Case  I.) 

In  the  early  part  of  this  century  Pinnated  Grouse  or  Prairie 
Hens  (Tympanuchus  cupido]  were  abundant  in  some  parts  of  Long 
Island,  but  they  have  been  extinct  for  about  sixty  years  (Giraud, 
Birds  of  Long  Island,  p.  195,  and  Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  272). 

Order  COLUMB£.    Pigeons. 

Family  COLUMBID^E.— DOVES  AND  PIGEONS. 

154.  Ectopistes  migratorius  (Linn.}.  PASSENGER  PIGEON; 
WILD  PIGEON.  (315.) — Eastern  North  America,  northward  in  the 
interior  to  Hudsons  Bay,  breeding  locally  throughout  the  more 


—   39   — 

northern  part  of  its  range.  Fifty  years  ago  the  Wild  Pigeon  was 
an  abundant  bird  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  but  here,  as  else- 
where throughout  its  range,  it  has  become  very  rare.  In  place  of 
the  thousands  that  used  to  visit  us  it  is  now  observed  irregularly 
and  rarely.  (Lawrence,  Auk,  VI,  1889,  p.  196,  and  Dutcher,  Auk,  X, 
1893,  p.  274.) 

*I55.  Zenaidura  macroura  (Linn.).  MOURNING  DOVE.  (316 .) 
— Breeds  throughout  temperate  North  America,  from  southern 
Canada  to  the  Gulf.  It  is  here  a  common  summer  resident,  and 
under  favorable  circumstances  passes  the  winter. 

156.  Columbigallina  passerina  terrestris  Chapm,  GROUND 
DOVE.    (320.) — This  is  a  species  of  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
States.     It  has  been  once  taken  in  this  vicinity  (Grinnell,  Bull.  N. 
O.  C.,  Ill,  1878,  p.  147),  but  its  occurrence  is  purely  accidental  and 
it  is  possible  the  specimen  captured  may  have  been  an   escaped 
cage-bird. 

Order  RAPTORES.    Birds  of  Prey. 

Family  CATHARTID^B.— AMERICAN  VULTURES. 

157.  Cathartes  aura  (Linn.)      TURKEY  VULTURE;  TURKEY 
BUZZARD.  (325.) — Temperate  North  America,   from   New  Jersey 
southward  to  Patagonia.   Of  more  or  less  regular  occurrence  in  New 
Jersey  as  far  north  as  Princeton  in  the  interior  and  Sandy  Hook 
on   the   coast.      It   is  also   occasionally  seen  on  Long  Island.     A 
recent  record  notes  the  occurrence  of  a  flock  of  eight  birds  of  this 
species   in   Orange    County,    N.  Y.  (Reynolds,  Forest  and  Stream, 
XVIII,  1894,  p.  181). 

158.  Catharista  atrata  (Bartr^.     BLACK  VULTURE.    (326.) 
— Breeds  from  North  Carolina  southward,  and  occasionally  strays 
as  far  north  as  Maine.      There  are  records  for  Sandy  Hook,  N    J. 
(Robt.  B.  Lawrence,,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,   V,    1880,    p.  116),   and  Coney 
Island,  L.  I.  (Eerier,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  VI,  1881,  p.  126). 

Family  FALCONID^. — FALCONS,  HAWKS,  EAGLES,  ETC. 

159.  Elanoides  forficatus  (Linn.\    SWALLOW-TAILED  KITE. 
(327.) — Southern  United  States  north  to  Pennsylvania  and  casually 
to  Massachusetts,  south  to  South  America.     In  this  vicinity  it  has 
been   recorded   from   Raynor  South,   L. I.  (Giraud,   Birds  of  Long 


-   40    — 

Island,  p.  13),  "South  shore  of  Long  Island"  (Eerier,  Bull.  N.  O.  C., 
VI,  1881,  p  126),  and  Chatham,  N.  J.  (Herrick,  Forest  and  Stream, 
XII,  1879,  p.  165). 

160.  Circus  hudsonius  (Linn.}.  MARSH  HAWK.  (331.)— 
— North  America  in  general,  south  to  Panama.  This  species 
remains  with  us  throughout  the  year  and  is  one  of  our  most  common 
Hawks. 

*l6i.  Accipiter  velox  (IVils.}.  SHARP-SHINNED  HAWK.  (332.) 
— Breeds  throughout  the  United  States  and  winters  from  Connecti- 
cut to  Central  America.  It  is  here  a  common  summer  and  rare 
winter  resident. 

162.  Accipiter  cooperi  (Bonap.}.    COOPER'S  HAWK.  (333.)— 
Breeds  from   Newfoundland   to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  winters 
from  Pennsylvania  to  Mexico.     With  us  it  is  a  not  uncommon  sum- 
mer, and  rare  winter  resident.     This  bird,   the  Sharp-shinned,  and 
the   rare  Duck  Hawk  and  Goshawk,  are   the   only  species  of  our 
Hawks  which  habitually  live  on  birds.     The  others  feed  largely  on 
insects   and   small  field-mice,  and  being  thus  actually  beneficial 
should  be  protected  by  law. 

163.  Accipiter  atricapillus    (Wits.}.      GOSHAWK.    (334.)— 
Breeds  from  the  northern  United  States  northward  and  winters  as 
far  south  as  Virginia.     It  is  here  a  rare  winter  visitant. 

*i64.  Buteo  borealis  (Gmel.}.  RED-TAILED  HAWK  (337.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  throughout  its  range.  The  Red- 
tail  is  one  of  our  commonest  Hawks  and  is  resident  throughout 
the  year. 

165.  Buteo  lineatus  (Gmel.}.  RED-SHOULDERED  HAWK.  (339.) 
— Eastern   North  America,   resident  nearly  throughout  its  range. 
It  is  probably  our  most  common  Hawk  and  with  the  Red-tail  is 
the   one  to  which  the  name  Chicken,   or  Hen  Hawk,  is  generally 
applied. 

166.  Buteo  swainsoni  Bonap.     SWAINSON'S  HAWK.    (342.) 
— A  western  species  of  rare  occurrence  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  There 
is  apparently  but   one   record  of  its  capture  near  New  York  City, 
viz  ,   that  of  a   specimen   shot  near  Cornwall,    N.  Y. ,  October  14, 
1892  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  p.  83). 

167.  Buteo  latissimus(?F//^.).  BROAD-WINGED  HAWK.  (343.) 
— Breeds  throughout  eastern  North  America,  from  New  Brunswick 
southward.     With  us  it  is  a  rather  uncommon  resident. 


—   41    — 

168.  Archibuteo  lagopus  sancti-johannis  (Gmel.).  ROUGH- 
LEGGED  HAWK.   (3470.)-— North   America,   breeding  north  of  the 
United   States  and  wintering  as  far  south  as  Virginia.      It  is  here 
a  rather  rare  winter  resident. 

169.  Aquila  chrysaetos  (Linn.).     GOLDEN  EAGLE.    (349.) — 
North  America ;    of  rare   occurrence   east  of  the  Mississippi.     It 
has  been  recorded  from  Islip,  L.  I.  (Giraud\  Carnarsie,  L.  \.(Dut- 
cher),    Gravesend,    L.  I.   (Johnson],     and    Highland    Falls,    N.  Y., 
where,   Dr.    Mearns   states,   it  is  occasionally   observed  and  was 
formerly  known  to  nest. 

*I70.  Haliaetusleucocephalus  (Linn.).  BALD  EAGLE.  (352.) 
— North  America,  breeding  throughout  its  range.  This  Eagle  is 
here  a  rather  rare  bird  ;  it  is  said  by  Dr.  Mearns  to  nest  in  the 
Highlands  of  the  Hudson.  On  Long  Island  it  is  a  not  uncommon 
resident  and  breeds  in  several  localities  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

171.  Falco  islandus  JBrUnn.  WHITE  GYRFALCON.  (353.)  — 
An  arctic  species,  rarely  visiting  the  United  States.  The  only 
record  for  this  vicinity  is  that  of  a  specimen  killed  on  Long  Island 
in  the  winter  of  1856  (Lawrence,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York, 
VIII,  1866,  p.  280). 

172  Falco  rusticolus  obsoletus  (Gmel).  BLACK  GYRFAL- 
CON. (354^.)—"  Labrador,  south  in  winter  to  Maine  and  New  York." 
There  is  but  one  record  of  its  occurrence  in  this  vicinity,  viz.,  a 
specimen  shot  in  the  fall  of  1875,  near  Flushing,  L.  I.  (fierier, 
Bull.  N.  O.  C  ,  VI,  1881,  pp.  126,  247).  I  have  not  seen  the  spe- 
cimens upon  which  these  records  are  based.  Our  Gyrfalcons  are 
difficult  birds  to  identify  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  species 
here  recorded  may  have  been  wrongly  named. 

173.  Falco   peregrinus  anatum    (Bonap.\    DUCK  HAWK. 
(356.) — North  America  and   the   greater  part   of  South  America, 
breeding  from  our  Southern  States  northward.     This  Falcon,   the 
"  noble    Peregrine"    of    Falconry,    is   a    not    uncommon    migrant, 
especially  along  our  coast,  and  is  a  rare  summer  resident  along  the 
Palisades  and  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  where  it  is  known  to  breed. 

174.  Falco   columbarius    Linn.      PIGEON  HAWK.    (257.) — 
Breeds   from   the   northern  United  States  northward,  and  winters 
from  the  Southern  States  southward.  It  is  here  a  common  migrant, 
occurring  chiefly  an  our  coasts. 


—    42    — 

*I75-  Falco  sparverius  Linn.  AMERICAN  SPARROW  HAWK. 
(360.) — Breeds  from  Florida  to  Hudson  Bay,  and  winters  from 
New  Jersey  southward.  With  us  it  is  a  not  common  resident  but 
abundant  migrant  on  our  coasts  (Dutcher,  MS.) 

*I76.  Pandion  haliaetus  carolinensis  (Gmel.).  AMERICAN 
OSPREY  ;  FISH  HAWK.  (364.) — Breeds  from  Florida  to  Labrador, 
and  winters  from  South  Carolina  to  northern  South  America.  At 
certain  localities  along  our  coasts  the  Fish  Hawk  is  found  nesting 
in  colonies. 


FIG.  9.     AMERICAN  OSPREY. 


Family  STRIGID^.— BARN  OWLS. 

177.  Strix  pratincola  Bonap.  AMERICAN  BARN  OWL.  (365.) 
— Occasionally  found  as  far  north  as  Massachusetts,  and  breeds 
from  Long  Island  southward  through  Mexico.  The  Barn  Owl  is 
here  a  rare  but  regular  summer  resident. 


—   43   — 

Family  BUBONID^.— HORNED  OWLS,  ETC. 

178.  Asio   wilsonianus    (Less.).      AMERICAN    LONG-EARED 
OWL.  (366.) — Breeds  from  Nova  Scotia  and  Manitoba  southward 
to  the  Gulf  States.     It  is  here  a  rather  uncommon  resident. 

179.  Asio  accipitrinus  (Pall.).     SHORT-EARED  OWL.    (367.) 
— Nearly  cosmopolitan,  breeding  in   the  United  States  from  Vir- 
ginia northward.     With  us  it  is   common  during  the  migrations, 
and  while  a  few  probably  breed,  there  is  no  definite  record  of  their 
doing  so. 


FIG.  10.     SHORT-EARED  OWL.  ' 

*i8o.  Syrnium  nebulosum  (Forst.).  BARRED  OWL.  (368.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  northward  to  Nova  Scotia  and  Manitoba ; 
resident,  except  at  the  northern  limit  of  its  range.  Next  to  the 
Screech  Owl  this  is  our  commonest  Owl.  Its  loud,  sonorous 
hooting,  whoo,  whoo,  whoo,  too-whoo,  too  w/wo-ah,  is  most  frequently 
heard  in  the  spring,  and  is  familiar  to  many  who  are  not  acquainted 
with  its  author. 


—   44  — 

i8i.  Scotiaptex  cinerea  (Gmel.}.  GREAT  GRAY  OWL.  (370.) 
— Breeds  from  Hudson  Bay  northward,  and  wanders  southward  in 
winter  to  the  northern  border  of  the  United  States.  An  individual 
shot  near  Mendham,  N.  J.,  is  the  only  one  which  has  been  recorded 
from  near  New  York  City.  (Thurber^  True  .Democratic  Banner, 
newspaper,  Morristown,  N.  J.,  Nov.  10,  1887.) 

*l82.  Nyctala  acadica  (Gmel}.  SAW-WHET  OWL,  (372.)-- 
Breeds  from  northern  New  York  northward,  and  migrates  south- 
ward in  winter  as  far  as  Virginia.  With  us  a  regular,  and,  in  some 
localities,  a  not  uncommon  winter  resident. 

*i83.  Megascops  asio  (Linn.).  SCREECH  OWL  (373.)  - 
Eastern  North  America,  northward  to  New  Brunswick  and  Minne- 
sota ;  generally  resident  throughout  its  range.  The  Screech  Owl 
is  the  commonest  and  best  known  of  our  Owls.  (See  Group,  main 
floor,  between  Cases  L  and  M.) 

184.  Bubo  virginianus  (Gmel.).  GREAT  HORNED  OWL. 
(375-) — Eastern  North  America,  northward  to  Labrador  and  south- 
ward to  Costa  Rica ;  resident  throughout  its  range.  With  us  a 
rather  rare  resident.  This  is  the  only  one  of  our  Owls  which 
habitually  preys  upon  poultry ;  the  others  feed  almost  exclusively 
on  small  field-mice  and  shrews. 

*i85.  Nyctea  nyctea  (Linn.).  SNOWY  OWL.  (376.)— Breeds 
from  Labrador  northward  and  wanders  southward  in  winter  regu- 
larly to  the  northern  United  States  and  occasionally  to  Texas.  It 
is  here  an  irregular  winter  visitant,  sometimes  occurring  in  con- 
siderable numbers. 

186.  Surnia  ulula  caparoch  (M'tlll).     HAWK  OWL.  (3770.) 

— Breeds  from  Newfoundland  northward,  and  occasionally  wanders 
southward  in  winter  as  far  as  Pennsylvania.  There  is  apparently 
but  one  record  of  its  capture  in  this  vicinity,  —  that  of  a  specimen 
shot  near  Bay  Ridge,  L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  275). 


—    45    — 


Order  COCCYGES.    Cuckoos,  etc. 

Family  CUCULID^E.— CUCKOOS,  ANIS,  ETC. 

*i87.  Coccyzusamericanus(Z//2/2.)-  YELLOW-BILLED  CUCKOO. 
(387-) — Breeds  from  Florida  to  New  Brunswick  and  winters  in 
Central  and  South  America.  It  is  here  a  common  summer  resi- 
dent, arriving  about  May  10,  and  departing  the  last  of  September. 
(See  Group.  Gallery,  between  Cases  B  and  C.) 

*i88.  Coccyzus  erythrophthalmus  (Wtls.\  BLACK-BILLED 
CUCKOO.  (380.) — Breeds  as  far  north  as  Labrador,  and  winters  in 
Central  and  South  America.  With  us  it  is  a  common  summer  re- 
sident arriving  and  departing  at  about  the  same  time  as  the 
preceding  species. 

Family  ALCEDINID^E.— KINGFISHERS. 

*l8p.  Ceryle  alcyon  (Linn.].  BELTED  KINGFISHER.  (390.) — 
Breeds  from  Florida  to  Labrador,  and  winters  from  Virginia  to 
South  America.  It  is  here  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving 
the  latter  part  of  March  and  remaining  until  the  streams  and  ponds, 
from  which  it  obtains  its  food,  are  frozen. 

Order  PICI.    Woodpeckers. 

Family  PICID^E.— WOODPECKERS. 

*ipO.  Dryobates  villosus  (Linn.).  HAIRY  WOODPECKER. 
(393.) — Eastern  United  States,  from  the  northern  border  south  to 
Virginia  and  the  higher  summits  of  North  Carolina.  In  this  vicinity 
it  is  a  rather  uncommon  resident. 

*I9I.  Dryobates  pubescens  (Linn.).  DOWNY  WOODPECKER. 
(394.)— Eastern  North  America,  from  Labrador  to  Florida  ;  resi- 
dent throughout  its  range.  It  is  one  of  our  commonest  Wood- 
peckers. 

*IQ2.  Dryobates  borealis  (Vieill.).  RED-COCKADED  WOOD- 
PECKER. (395.) — Southern  United  States,  westward  to  Indian  Terri- 
tory, and  northward  to  Tennessee  and  Virginia.  This  bird  is 
accidental  near  New  York,  the  only  record  of  its  occurrence  being 


46 


based  on  a  specimen  taken  at  Hoboken,  N.  J.  (Lawrence,  Ann.  Lye. 
Nat.  Hist.,  VIII,  1866,  p.  291). 

*ip3.  Sphyrapicus  varius  (Linn  ).  YELLOW-BELLIED  WOOD- 
PECKER. (402.)— Breeds  from  Massachusetts  northward,  and  win- 
ters from  Virginia  to  Central  America.  It  is  here  a  common 
spring  and  fall  migrant. 

194.  Ceophlceus  pileatus  (Linn.}.  PILEATED  WOODPECKER. 
(405.) — "Formerly  whole  wooded  region  of  North  America  ;  now 
rare  or  extirpated  in  the  more  thickly  settled  parts  of  the  Eastern 
States."  This  large  Woodpecker  occurs  near  New  York  only  as  a 
rare  straggler. 

*I95.  Melanerpes  erythrocepha- 

lus  (Linn.}.  RED-HEADEDWOODPECKER. 
(406.)—  Eastern  North  America,  breed- 
ing from  Florida  to  northern  New  York 
and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  from  Vir- 
ginia southward,  and  occasionally  far- 
ther north.  With  us  a  summer  resi- 
dent of  local  distribution  and  a  not 
uncommon,  and  sometimes  abundant 
migrant. 

196.      Melanerpes       carolinus 

(Linn.}.  RED-BELLIED  WOODPECKER. 
(409.)— Eastern  United  States,  breed- 
ing from  Florida  to  Virginia  and,  in 
the  interior,  to  Ontario  and  southern 
Dakota,  occasionally  strays  to  Massa- 
chusetts ;  winters  from  southern  Ohio 
southward. 

Giraud  speaks  of  this  bird  as  breeding  on  Long  Island  but 
it  now  occurs  here  only  rarely  and  irregularly. 

*I97.  Colaptes  auratus  (Linn}.  FLICKER  ;  HIGH-HOLE  ; 
CLAPE.  (412.) — North  America,  west  to  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  Alaska  ;  breeds  throughout  its  range,  and 
winters  from  Illinois  and  southern  New  York  southward.  Our 
commonest  Woodpecker.  It  is  resident,  but  is  much  more  com- 
mon in  the  summer  than  in  the  winter. 


FIG.    ii.     RED-HEADED 
WOODPECKER. 


—   47    — 

Order  MACROCHRIES.    Goatsuckers, 
Swifts,  etc. 

Family  CAPRIMULGID^E.—  GOATSUCKERS. 

*ip8.  Antrostomus  vociferus  (IVils.).  WHIP-POOR-WILL. 
(417.)  —  Eastern  North  America,  north  to  New  Brunswick  and  Ma- 
nitoba ;  winters  from  Florida  southward.  In  some  localities  near 
New  York  City  the  Whip-poor-will  is  a  common  summer  resident. 
It  arrives  about  May  i,  and  leaves  about  October  i. 

*I99.      Chordeiles    virginianus 

(Gmel.\  NIGHTHAWK.  (420.)—  Eastern 
North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf 
States  to  Labrador,  and  wintering  in 
South  America.  The  Nighthawk  is 
here  a  more  or  less  common  summer 
resident.  Even  in  New  York  City, 
where  it  has  been  known  to  lay  its  eggs 
on  the  house-top,  its  characteristic 
note,  peent,  peent,  uttered  while  it  is 
coursing  for  food,  fs~not  infrequently 
heard.  It  arrives  early  in  May  and 
migrates  southward  in  September  and 
October,  sometimes  occurring  at  this 

FIG.  12.     NIGHTHAWK.          season  in  lar£e  flocks- 


*200.  Chaetura  pelagica  (Linn.\  CHIMNEY  SWIFT.  (423.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Florida  to  Labrador,  and 
wintering  in  Central  America.  With  us  it  is  an  abundant  summer 
resident,  arriving  the  latter  part  of  April  and  remaining  until 
October.  (See  Group,  main  floor,  opposite  Case  H.) 

Family  TROCHILID^E.—  HUMMINGBIRDS. 

*2oi.  Trochilus  colubris  Linn.  RUBY-THROATED  HUMMING- 
BIRD. (428.)  —  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Florida  to 
Labrabor,  and  wintering  from  southern  Florida  to  Central  America. 
This,  the  only  species  of  Hummingbird  found  in  eastern  North 
America,  is  here  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving  early  in 
May  and  remaining  until  October. 


—   48   — 


FIG.  13.     RUBY-THROATED  HUMMINGBIRDS  AND  NEST 


Order  PASSERES.    Perching  Birds. 

Family  TYRANNID^.— TYRANT  FLYCATCHERS. 

*202.  Tyrannus  tyrannus  (Linn.}.  KINGBIRD.  (444.)^ 
North  America  north  to  New  Brunswick  and  Manitoba,  rare  west 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains :  winters  in  Central  and  South  America. 
The  Kingbird  is  here  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving  early 
in  May  and  remaining  until  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between 
Cases  K  and  L.) 

203.  Tyrannus  verticalis  Say.  ARKANSAS  KINGBIRD.  (447.) 
— A  western  species ;  the  only  record  for  this  vicinity  is  that  of  a 
young  male  taken  at  Riverdale,  N.  Y.,  October  19,  1875  (Bicknell, 
Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  IV,  1879,  p.  60). 

*204.  Myiarchus  crinitus  (Linn.).  GREAT-CRESTED  FLY- 
CATCHER. (432.) — Breeds  from  Florida  to  New  Brunswick,  and 
winters  from  southern  Florida  to  Central  America.  With  us  a  not 
uncommon  summer  resident,  arriving  early  in  May  and  remaining 
until  September. 


—    49    — 

*205-  Sayornis  phcebe  (Lath.}.  PHCEBE.  (456.) — Eastern 
North  America,  breeding  from  South  Carolina  to  Newfoundland 
and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  from  North  Carolina  to  Cuba  and 
Mexico.  In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving 
about  March  20,  and  leaving  early  in  November. 

206.  Contopus  borealis  (Swains.}.  OLIVE-SIDED  FLYCAT- 
CHER. (459.) — Breeds  from  Massachusetts  and  Minnesota  north- 
ward, and  winters  in  Central  and  South  America.  With  us  it 
occurs  as  a  migrant,  passing  north  in  May,  when  it  is  apparently 
rare,  and  returning  in  the  latter  part  of  August  when  it  is  locally 
not  uncommon. 

*207.  Contopus  virens  (Linn.}.  WOOD  PEWEE.  (461.) — Breeds 
from  Florida  to  Newfoundland,  and  winters  in  Central  America.  It 
is  a  common  summer  resident  of  our  woods,  arriving  about  May  15 
and  remaining  until  the  latter  part  of  September. 

*208.  Empidonax  flaviventris  Baird.  YELLOW-BELLIEI> 
FLYCATCHER.  (463.)— Breeds  from  Berkshire  County,  Mass.,  to 
Labrador,  and  winters  in  Central  America.  It  is  here  a  rather 
rare  spring,  and  not  uncommon  fall  migrant,  arriving  in  May  and 
returning  from  its  northern  home  early  in  August. 

*20p.  Empidonax  acadicus  (Gmel.}.  ACADIAN  FLYCATCHER, 
(465.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  Florida  to  southern 
Connecticut  and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  A 
common  summer  resident  of  the  Lower  Hudson  River  Valley  as 
far  north  as  Sing  Sing.  On  Long  Island  it  apparently  breeds  only 
on  the  north  shore,  while  there  are  but  two  records  for  Connecti- 
cut, —  an  adult  taken  at  Suffield,  June  24,  1874  (Merriam,  Birds 
Conn.,  p.  58),  and  a  nest  with  young  at  Greenwich,  June  25,  1893 
(Voorhees,  Auk,  XI,  1894,  p.  259).  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between 
Cases  I  and  J.) 

210.  Empidonax  pusillus  traillii  (Aud.}  TRAILL'S  FLY- 
CATCHER. (466^.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  southern 
Illinois  and  Connecticut  north  to  New  Brunswick  and  Manitoba, 
and  wintering  in  Central  America.  With  us  Traill's  Flycatcher  is 
a  rather  rare  migrant  and  probably  a  rare  summer  resident.  A 
nest  and  eggs,  not  fully  identified,  but  with  little  doubt  that  of  this 
species,  was  found  by  Mr.  C.  L  Brownell  at  Nyack. 

*2H.  Empidonax  minimus  Baird.  LEAST  FLYCATCHER. 
(467.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  Pennsylvania  to 


—    50    — 

Quebec,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  This  species  is  a 
common  summer  resident  in  this  vicinity;  it  arrives  about  May  i 
and  remains  until  late  in  September. 

Family  ALAUDID/E.— LARKS. 

Skylarks  (Alaada  arvensis]  have  from  time  to  time  been  liberated 
near  New  York  City.  In  1887  a  small  colony  had  become  establi- 
shed near  Flatbush,  L.  I.,  where  a  nest  containing  young  was 
found,  but  they  have  since  disappeared  (Dutcher,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p. 
180).  At  the  present  time  the  bird  is  not  known  to  occur  in  this 
vicinity. 

212.     Otocoris      alpestris 

(Linn.).  HORNED  LARK  ;  SHORE 
LARK.  (474.)— Breeds  in  "  North- 
ernEurope, Greenland,  Newfound- 
land, Labrador,  and  Hudson's 
Bay  region  ;  southward  in  winter 
into  eastern  United  States  to 
about  Lat.  35°"  (Dwight}.  This 
bird  is  a  common  winter  resident. 
It  is  found  at  this  season  in  most 
FIG.  14.  HORNED  LARK.  parts  of  Long  Island  but  is  in- 

frequent in  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley. 

213.  Otocoris  alpestris  praticola  Hensh.  PRAIRIE  HOR- 
NED LARK.  (474/7  ) — Breeds  in  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley  east- 
ward through  New  York  to  western  Massachusetts  and  Long  Is- 
land. This  small  race  of  the  Horned  Lark  is  of  rather  rare 
occurrence  in  this  vicinity.  It  is  apparently  extending  its  range 
eastward  and  there  is  one  record  of  its  having  probably  bred  on 
Long  Island  (Dutcher,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  180),  where  it  also  occurs 
during  the  winter. 

Family  CORVID^E. — CROWS,  JAYS,  MAGPIES,  ETC. 

*2I4.  Cyanocitta  cristata  (Linn).  BLUE  JAY.  (477.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Florida  to  Newfoundland  ; 
generally  resident  throughout  its  range.  Here  a  common  resi- 
dent, more  numerous  during  the  fall  migration  than  at  other  times 
of  the  year. 


—   51    — 


FIG.  15.     BLUE  JAY. 

The  Canada  Jay  (Perisoreus  canadensis},  a  northern  species 
which  has  only  once  been  taken  in  Massachusetts  (Brewster,  Auk, 
VII,  1891,  p.  91),  is  included  by  Mr.  Lawrence  in  his  "Catalogue  of 
Birds"  on  the  basis  of  an  individual  killed  in  July  near  Mahattan- 
ville,  New  York  City.  This  specimen  is  now  in  the  American 
Museum  (No.  42,253).  Its  plumage  is  much  worn  and  its  toe- 
nails  are  abnormally  long,  facts  which,  taken  in  connection  with 
the  place  and  date  of  the  bird's  capture,  induce  me  to  believe  that 
it  had  escaped  from  confinement. 

215.  Corvus  corax  principalis  (WagL).  AMERICAN  RAVEN. 
(4860!.) — United  States,  south  to  Guatemala ;  rare  east  of  the 
Mississippi  Now  of  very  rare  occurrence  in  this  vicinity.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  formerly  common  on  the  northern  New  Jersey 
coast  (Lawrence),  and  is  still  not  uncommon  along  the  southern 
coast  of  the  State  (Stone,  Auk,  XI,  1894,  p.  137). 

*2i6.  Corvus  americanus  Aud.  AMERICAN  CROW.  (488.) — 
"  North  America,  from  the  Fur  Countries  to  Mexico",  wintering 
from  the  northern  United  States  southward.  The  Crow  is  here  an 
abundant  resident,  but,  as  in  the  case  of  other  species  which  are 
present  the  year  around,  it  is  probable  that  the  individuals  which 
summer  with  us  pass  the  winter  farther  south,  while  our  winter 
birds  come  to  us  from  the  north. 

*2I7.  Corvus  ossifragus    Wils.     FISH  CROW.    (490.)— Gulf 


—   52   — 

and  Atlantic  coast,  as  far  north  as  Long  Island  ;  resident  through- 
out its  range.  A  common  inhabitant  of  the  Lower  Hudson  River 
Valley  as  far  north  as  Sing  Sing  and  occasionally  reaches  High- 
land Falls.  In  Connecticut  it  is  of  regular  occurrence  as  far  east 
as  Stratford  (Eames,  Auk,  VI,  1889,  p.  338),  while  on  Long  Island 
its  exact  status  appears  to  be  unknown,  though  it  is  probably  not 
uncommon. 

Family  STURNID^.- -STARLINGS. 

*Sturnus  vulgaris  Linn.  STARLING.  (493  ) — This  Old  World 
species  has  been  introduced  into  this  country  on  several  occasions, 
but  only  the  last  importation  appears  to  have  been  successful.  The 
birds  included  in  this  lot  were  imported,  and  released  in  Central 
Park,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Eugene  Schiefflin  of  this  city. 
They  seem  to  have  left  the  Park  and  to  have  established  themselves 
in  various  places  in  the  upper  part  of  the  city  A  pair  have  bred 
for  three  successive  seasons  in  the  roof  of  this  Museum.  Mr.  S. 
H.  Chubb  reports  a  pair  nesting  in  a  church  at  1226.  st.  and  Lenox 
avenue,  and  they  have  also  nested  at  looth  st.  and  Riverside  Drive. 
Mr.  C.  B.  Isham  tells  me  he  has  found  their  nest  at  Kingsbridge, 
New  York  City,  and  that  he  repeatedly  observed  a  flock  of  fifty  birds 
in  the  same  locality  during  the  late  summer  and  fall  of  1893  and 
1894. 

Family  ICTERID^E. — BLACKBIRDS,  ORIOLES,  ETC. 

*2l8.  Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  (Linn.).  BOBOLINK;  REED- 
BIRD.  (494.) — Breeds  from  southern  New  Jersey  northward  to  Nova 
Scotia,  westward  to  Utah  and  northern  Montana  ;  leaves  the  United 
States  by  way  of  Florida  and  winters  in  South  America.  A  locally 
distributed  summer  resident,  arriving  in  early  May  and  remaining 
until  October.  About  the  middle  of  July  the  males  assume  the 
Reed-bird  plumage  and  resort  to  our  wild-rice  marshes,  where 
they  are  joined  by  large  numbers  from  the  north,  which  pause  to 
feed  on  the  wild-rice. 

Fifteen  years  ago  the  Bobolink  was  an  abundant  and  generally 
distributed  summer  resident  in  this  vicinity.  Since  that  date  it 
has  rapidly  decreased  in  numbers  and  is  now  entirely  wanting  in 
localities  where  it  was  formerly  of  regular  occurrence. 


53    — 


BOBOLINK. 

*2ig.  Molothrus  ater  (Bodd.\  COWBIRD.  (495.)— Breeds 
from  Texas  to  New  Brunswick  and  Manitoba,  and  winters  from 
southern  Illinois  southward.  Here  a  common  summer  resident, 
arriving  late  in  March  and  remaining  until  November.  It  has  been 
recorded  as  occurring  in  winter  (Foster,  Abst.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc., 
No.  5,  1893,  p.  2). 

*220.  Agelaius  phceniceus  (Linn.).  RED-WINGED  BLACK- 
BIRD. (498.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  to  New  Brunswick  and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  from  Vir- 
ginia southward.  With  us  it  is  a  common  summer  resident,  abun- 
dant during  the  migrations  when  it  occurs  in  large  flocks.  It  is 
one  of  the  first  birds  to  reach  us  in  the  spring,  frequently  arriving 
before  March  i,  and  it  remains  until  December. 

//> 


FIG.  17.     RED-WINGED  BLACKBIRD. 


—   54   — 

*22i.  Sturnella  magna  (Linn.).  MEADOW  LARK.  (501.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to  New  Bruns- 
wick and  Minnesota,  and  wintering  from  Massachusetts  and  Illinois 
southward.  With  us  it  is  a  common  summer  resident,  occurring 
in  reduced  numbers  during  the  winter,  when  it  is  largely  confined 
to  the  extensive  marshes  near  the  coast. 

*222.  Icterus  spurius  (Linn).  ORCHARD  ORIOLE.  (506.) — 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to  Massachu- 
setts and  Ontario ;  winters  in  Central  America.  In  this  vicinity 
it  is  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving  early  in  May  and  remain- 
ing until  September.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  F  and  G.) 

^223.  Icterus  galbula  (Linn  ).  BALTIMORE  ORIOLE.  (507.) — 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  It  is  here  a  some- 
what more  common  summer  resident  than  the  preceding  species. 
It  arrives  early  in  May  and  remains  until  September.  (See  Group, 
Gallery,  between  Cases  D  and  E.) 

*224.  Scolecophagus  carolinus(^/&//.)  RUSTY  BLACKBIRD. 
(5°9-) — Breeds  from  New  Brunswick  and  Manitoba  northward  to 
Labrador  and  Alaska ;  winters  from  Virginia  southward.  It  is 
here  a  common  migrant,  passing  northward  in  March,  returning 
in  September,  and  sometimes  remaining  until  late  in  December. 

*225.  Quiscalus  quiscula  (Linn.).  PURPLE  GRACKLE  ;  CROW 
BLACKBIRD.  (511  ) — Breeds  in  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley,  and 
east  of  the  Alleghanies  from  Georgia  to  Massachusetts  ;  winters  in 
the  Southern  States.  It  is  here  a  common  summer  resident  of 
local  distribution,  nesting  in  colonies.  It  is  one  of  our  earliest 
migrants,  arriving  from  the  south  with  the  Red-winged  Blackbird, 
about  March  i.  During  the  breeding  season  it  is  not  seen  far 
from  the  vicinity  of  its  nest,  but  about  July  i,  when  the  young  are 
on  the  wing,  they  gather  in  small  flocks  and  wander  over  the 
country,  pausing  wherever  they  find  an  abundance  of  food  These 
flocks  gradually  coalesce,  and  in  October  and  November  form 
enormous  gatherings  numbering  thousands  of  birds. 

226.  Quiscalus  quiscula  aeneus  (Ridgw.).  BRONZED 
GRACKLE  (511^.) — Breeds  from  Texas  to  Great  Slave  Lake,  east 
to  the  Alleghanies,  as  far  north  as  Pennsylvania,  and  north  of  this 
eastward  to  Connecticut  and  northward  to  Labrador,  wintering 


—    55   — 

largely  in  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley.  With  us  it  is  apparently 
found  only  as  a  spring  and  fall  migrant,  sometimes  not  un- 
common. 

Family  FRINGILLID^E.— FINCHES,  SPARROWS,  ETC. 

227.  Coccothraustes  vespertina  (Coop.}.  EVENING  GROS- 
BEAK. (514.) — Interior  of  North  America,  from  Manitoba  north- 
ward ;  southeastward  in  winter  to  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley 
and  casually  to  the  northern  Atlantic  States. 

During  the  winter  and  early  spring  of  1890  there  was  a 
phenomenal  incursion  of  Evening  Grosbeaks  into  the  northern 
United  States,  The  most  southern  record  of  their  occurrence  in 
the  Atlantic  States  was  at  Summ'it,  N.  J.,  where,  on  March  6,  Mr. 
W.  O.  Raymond  observed  a  flock  of  eight  birds  (Orn.  and  Ool. , 
XV,  1890,  p.  46).  No  specimens  were  collected,  but  Mr.  Raymond 
watched  the  birds  for  some  time  at  a  distance  of  about  eight  feet, 
and  he  has  since  examined  skins  of  the  species  in  this  Museum, 
thus  confirming  his  identification. 


FIG.  1 8.     PINE  GROSBEAK. 

228.  Pinicola  enucleator  (Linn.).  PINE  GROSBEAK.  (515.) 
— "Northern  portions  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding  far 
north  ;  in  winter  south,  in  North  America,  irregularly  to  the  north- 
ern United  States."  This  species  occurs  here  in  the  winter  and 
then  only  at  long  and  irregular  intervals. 


—    56   — 

*  Passer  domesticus  (Linn.).  HOUSE  SPARROW  ;  ENGLISH 
SPARROW. — From  the  report  of  the  Division  of  Economic  Ornitho- 
logy of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  (Washington,  1889),  we  learn 
that  English  Sparrows  were  first  introduced  into  New  York  City 
in  1860,  when  twelve  birds  were  released  in  Madison  Square.  In 
1864  they  were  introduced  in  Central  Park,  and  in  1866  two  hundred 
were  set  free  in  Union  Park.  From  these,  and  one  or  two  other 
small  additional  importations  of  a  few  pairs  each,  have  descended 
the  countless  numbers  of  Sparrows  which  to-day  inhabit  our  streets 
and  parks.  In  this  latitude  the  English  Sparrow  has  been  known 
to  rear  six  broods  in  a  season,  and  their  marvellous  rate  of  increase 
is  graphically  given  in  a  table  in  the  Report  already  mentioned, 
which  shows  that  in  ten  years  the  progeny  of  a  single  pair  might 
amount  to  275,  716,  983,  698! 

With  the  discordant  notes  of  these  ubiquitous  little  pests 
constantly  in  our  ears  we  may  read  with  mixed  humor  and  regret 
the  following  quotation  from  Mr.  Lawrence's  Catalogue  of  New 
York  Birds  (Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist,  VIII,  1866,  p.  287):  "I  first 
observed  them  in  the  spring  of  1865.  A  friend,  conversant  with 
our  local  native  birds,  informed  me  that  he  had  seen  a  species  in 
the  shrubbery  around  the  church  on  the  corner  of  5th  avenue  and 
29th  street,  with  which  he  was  not  familiar;  on  going  to  ascertain 
what  they  were,  to  my  surprise  I  found  them  to  be  House  Sparrows  ; 
they  were  domiciled  in  the  ivy  which  grew  on  the  walls  of  the 
church,  and  were  quite  gentle  and  fearless,  some  alighting  in  the 
street  and  dusting  themselves  quite  near  to  where  I  stood." 

The  European  Chaffinch  (Fri/igilla  Calebs),  several  pairs  of 
which  were  released  in  Central  Park  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Eugene  Schiefflin  in  1890,  appears  not  to  have  survived. 

*22p.  Carpodacus  purpureus  (Gmel.).  PURPLE  FINCH.  (517.) 
—Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Minnesota 
and  Long  Island  northward,  and  wintering  from  the  Northern 
States  to  the  Gulf.  In  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City  the  Purple 
Finch  is  a  rather  rare  summer  resident,  a  very  common  migrant, 
and  not  common  winter  resident.  It  is  apparently  increasing  in 
numbers  during  the  summer  on  Long  Island  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

*230.  Loxia  curvirostra  minor  (Brehrn).  AMERICAN  CROSS- 
BILL. (521.) — Breeds  from  the  Northern  States  northward  and,  in 
the  Alleghanies,  southward  to  the  Carolinas ;  in  winter  wanders 
irregularly  southward,  sometimes  reaching  the  Gulf.  It  is  here 
a  regular  winter  visitant.  This  erratic  species  has  on  several 
occasions  been  found  breeding  south  of  its  regular  breeding  range. 


—    57    — 

Such"  an  instance  occurred  at  Riverdale,  N.  Y.,  where  it  was  found 
nesting  on  April  22,  1874  (Bicknell,   Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  IV,  1880,  p.  7). 


FIG.  19.     AiMiiuiCAN  CKUSSKILL. 

231.  Loxia  leucoptera    Gmel.      WHITE-WINGED  CROSSBILL. 
(522.) — This  species  has  much  the  same  distribution  as  the  preced- 
ing but  does  not  wander  so  far  south.     It  is  here  of  more  rare  and 
irregular  occurrence  in  winter  than  the  preceding  species. 

232.  Acanthis  linaria  (Linn.}.  REDPOLL.   (528.)— "Northern 
portions  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere,  south  irregularly  in  winter, 
in  North  America,  to  the  Middle  States."     This  species  is  here  an 
irregular  winter  visitant,     sometimes    occurring    in    considerable 
numbers. 

233.  Acanthis  linaria  rostrata  (Brehm}.     HOLBCELL'S  RED- 
POLL. (528^.) — "Southern  Greenland  in  summer,   migrating  south, 
in  winter,   through  Labrador   to   (sparingly)   the   northern  border 
of  the  United  States  (New  England,  lower  Hudson  Valley,  north- 
ern Illinois,  etc.),   and   west   to  Manitoba"  (Ridgw.).      Two  speci- 
mens taken  at  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.,   are  the   only   individuals   of  this 
species  which  have  been  recorded  from  this  vicinity  (Fisher,  Bull« 
N.  O.  C,  VIII,  1883,  p.  121). 

*234.  Spinus  tristis  (Linn}.  AMERICAN  GOLDFINCH.  (529.) 
• — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  South  Carolina  to  south- 
ern Labrador,  and  wintering  from  the  northern  United  States  to 
the  Gulf.  The  Goldfinch,  Yellowbird,  or  Thistlebird,  is  here  a 
common  resident. 


—   5'S    — 


FIG.  20.     AMERICAN  GOLDFINCH. 

*Carduelis  carduelis  (Linn.}.  EUROPEAN  GOLDFINCH.— 
A  European  species  which  was  introduced  into  this  country  at. 
Hoboken,  N.  J.,  in  1878.  The  following  year  it  appeared  in  Central 
Park  and  has  since  spread  over  the  upper  parts  of  the  city  where 
in  favorable  localities  it  is  not  uncommon.  It  is  with  us  through- 
out the  year.  (Adney,  Auk,  III,  1886,  p  409). 

*235.  Spinus  pinus(7F/7y.).  PINE  SISKIN  ;  PINE  FINCH.  (533.) 
— North  America  generally,  breeding  mostly  north  of  the  United 
States,  and  wintering  as  far  south  as  the  Gulf.  It  is  here  a  more 
or  less  common  fall  and  winter  visitant,  and  on  two  occasions  has 


FIG.  21.     PINK  FINCH, 


—   59   — 

been  found  nesting  in  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley,  at  Sing  Sing, 
May  25,  1883  (Fisher,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  VIII,  1883),  and  at  Cornwall- 
on-Hudson,  May  12,  1887  (Allen,  Auk,  IV,  1887,  p.  284).  (See 
Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  P  and  Q.) 

236.  Plectrophenax  nivalis  (Linn.}.      SNOWFLAKE;    SNOW 
BUNTING.   (534.) — "Northern   parts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
breeding  in  the  Arctic  Regions ;  in  North  America  south  in  winter 
into  the  northern  United  States,  irregularly  to  Georgia,  southern 
Illinois,  and  Kansas."      Oh  Long  Island   this  bird  is  an  abundant 
winter  resident  on   the   sand-flats   near  the  ocean  (Dutcher,  MS.). 
In  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley  it  is  much  less  common. 

237.  Calcarius  lapponicus    (Linn}.      LAPLAND  LONGSPUR. 
(536.) — "Northern  portions  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere,  breeding 
far   north ;    in  North  America,   south   in   winter   to   the   northern 
United  States,   irregularly  to   the   Middle  States,   accidentally  to 
South  Carolina".     In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  rare  winter  resident,   and 
is    sometimes  found  with  flocks   of  the  preceding,    but  is  more 
frequently  associated  with  Horned  Larks. 

238.  Calcarius    ornatus     (Towns.}.      CHESTNUT-COLLARED 
LONGSPUR.   (538.) — "Interior  of  North  America,    from    the   Sas- 
katchewan Plains   south   to  Texas".      A   specimen  of  this  western 
species  was   taken   at  Long  Island  City,   February   16,    1889  (Hen- 
drickson,  Auk,  VI,  1889,  p.  190). 

*23p.  Poocaetes  gramineus  (Gmel.\  VESPER  SPARROW; 
GRASS  FINCH;  BAY-WINGED  BUNTING.  (540.) — North  America; 
breeds  from  southern  Illinois  and  Virginia  northward  to  New 
Brunswick  and  Manitoba,  and  winters  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from 
Virginia  southward.  This  species  is  here  a  common  summer  resi- 
dent, arriving  about  April  i,  and  remaining  until  the  latter  part  of 
November. 

240.  Ammodramus  princeps  (Mayn.\  IPSWICH  SPARROW. 
(541.) — Breeds  probably  on  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Nova  Scotia 
(Sable  Island)  northward,  winters  southward  along  the  coast 
regularly  to  Virginia  and  rarely  to  Georgia  ( Worthington,  Auk, 
VIII,  1890,  p.  21 1).  This  species  is  a  common  winter  resident, 
confined  strictly  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  coasts,  where  it 
is  found  from  the  middle  of  October  to  the  first  of  April  (Dutcher, 
Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  441) 


—    60    — 

*24i.  Ammodramus  sandwichensis  savanna  (Wils.\  SA- 
VANNA SPARROW.  (542*2.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding'from 
Missouri  and  northern  New  Jersey  north  to  Labrador  and  Hudson 
Bay,  and  wintering  from  southern  Illinois  and  Virginia  southward 
to  Cuba  and  Mexico.  This  species  is  here  a  rare  summer  resident 
and  abundant  migrant,  arriving  about  April  i  and  departing  in 
November  and  December.  It  breeds  at  Morristown,  N.  J.  (Thur- 
ber\  and  is  said  to  remain  throughout  the  winter  in  the  salt-marshes 
at  Bridgeport,  Conn.  (Areril/}. 


FIG.  22.     SAVANNA  SPARROW. 

242.  Ammodramus    savannarum     passerinus     (lVtls.\ 
GRASSHOPPER    SPARROW;      YELLOW-WINGED     SPARROW.      (546.)  — 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  northward  to 
Massachusetts  and  Minnesota,  and  wintering  from  North  Carolina 
to  Cuba.     In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving 
about  May  i  and  remaining  until  October. 

243.  Ammodramus  henslowii  (Atid.}.  HENSLOW'S  SPARROW. 
(547  ) — Eastern  North  America,   breeding  locally   from   Missouri 
and  Virginia  northward  to  New  Hampshire  and  southern  Ontario, 
and  wintering  from  about  the  southern  limit  of  its  breeding  range 
to  the  Gulf.     In  this   vicinity  Henslow's  Sparrow  has  been  found 
in  but  few  localities  where,   however,   it   is  apparently  not  uncom- 
mon.    It  is  recorded  as  breeding  at  Morristown,  N.  J.  (Thurber). 

244.  Ammodramus  caudacutus    (G?nel.).      SHARP-TAILED 
SPARROW.   (549.) — Atlantic  coast,   breeding  from   South  Carolina 
to  New  Hampshire,  and  wintering  from  North  Carolina  to  Florida. 
This  species  is  here  an  abundant  resident  and,  with  the  exception 


—    61    — 

of  a  colony  on  the  Hudson  at  Piermont,  is,  so  far  as  known,  con- 
fined entirely  to  the  salt  marshes  of  our  coasts.  (See  Group, 
Gallery,  between  Cases  H  and  I.) 

245.  Ammodramus  caudacutus  nelsoni  Allen.    NELSON'S 
SHARP-TAILED  SPARROW.   (5490.) — Breeds  in  the  marshes  of  the 
interior  from  northern  Illinois  northward  to  Dakota  and  Manitoba  ; 
occurs  as  a  migrant  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  winters  from  South 
Carolina  to  Texas.     This   species  is  known  here  only  as  a  rather 
rare  fall  migrant  in  the  Hudson  River  Valley,   occurring  from  the 
latter  part  of  September  to  the  latter  part  of  October. 

246.  Ammodramus    caudacutus     subvirgatus    Dwight. 
ACADIAN  SHARP-TAILED  SPARROW.  (549^.) — u  Marshes  of  southern 
New  Brunswick,  Prince  Edwards  Island  and  probably  Nova  Scotia, 
and  southward  in  migration   along  the  Atlantic  coast"  (Dwight). 
This  bird  occurs  with  the  preceding. 

247.  Ammodramus  maritimus  (IVils.}.  SEASIDE  SPARROW. 
(550.) — Atlantic  coast,  breeding  from  North  Carolina  to  Massachu- 
setts, and  wintering  from  Virginia  to  Georgia.     This  is  an  even 
more  abundant  summer  resident  than  the  Sharp-tailed  Finch  and, 
like  it,  is  confined  exclusively  to  our  coasts,  with  the  exception  of  a 
colony  in  the  Piermont  marshes.     (See  Group,  Gallery,  between 
Cases  H  and  I.) 


FIG.  23.     SEASIDE  SPARROW. 

248.  Chondestesgrammacus^tfy).  LARK  SPARROW.  (552.) 
-Interior  of  North  America,  eastward  to  Illinois,  breeding  from 


—   62   — 

Texas  to  Manitoba ;  accidental  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  There  are 
two  records  for  this  vicinity,  Sayville,  L.  I.,  August  20,  1879  (Earle, 
Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  VI,  1881,  p.  58)  and  Schraalenburg,  N.  J.,  Novem- 
ber 26,  1885  (Chapman,  Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  136). 

*24Q.  Zonotrichia  leucophrys  (Forst.\  WHITE-CROWNED 
SPARROW.  (554.) — "Breeding  from  higher  mountain  ranges  of 
western  United  States,  Sierra  Nevada,  Rocky  Mountains,  and  east- 
ward, north  of  the  Great  Lakes,  to  Labrador ;  in  winter,  over 
whole  United  States,  and  south  into  Mexico"  (Ridgw.}.  This 
species  occurs  here  as  a  rather  rare  migrant,  passing  northward  in 
May  and  returning  in  October. 


FIG.  24.     WHITE-CROWNED  SPARROW. 

*250.  Zonotrichia  albicollis  (Gmel.\  WHITE-THROATED 
SPARROW.  (558.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern 
Michigan,  and  occasionally  Massachusetts,  northward  to  Labrador, 
and  wintering  from  Connecticut  to  Florida.  This  species  is  here 
an  abundant  migrant  and  locally  common  winter  resident.  It 
arrives  from  the  north  the  latter  part  of  September  and  remains 
with  us  until  May. 

*25i.  Spizella  monticola  (Gmel.}.  TREE  SPARROW.  (559.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  in  Labrabor  and  the  region 
about  Hudson  Bay ;  south  in  winter,  through  eastern  United 
States,  west  to  the  edge  of  the  Great  Plains.  With  us  this  bird 


FIG.  25.     WHITE- i  HROATED  SPARROW.    - 

is  an  abundant  winter  resident,    arriving  from  the  north  about 
November  i  and  remaining  until  April. 

*252.  Spizella  socialis  ( Wils^).  CHIPPING  SPARROW  ;  CHIPPY. 
{560.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
Newfoundland  and  Great  Slave  Lake,  and  wintering  in  the  Gulf  States 
and  Mexico.  The  Chippy  is  here  an  abundant  summer  resident, 
•arriving  from  the  south  about  April  i  and  remaining  until  No- 
vember. 

*253.  Spizella  pusilla  (Wils.).  FIELD  SPARROW.  (563.)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  Illinois  and  South 
Carolina  to  Quebec  and  Manitoba;  winters  from  Illinois  and  Vir- 
ginia southward.  With  us  it  is  an  abundant  summer  resident, 
appearing  in  the  spring  about  April  i  and  not  departing  southward 
until  November  and  even  December.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between 
Cases  C  and  D.) 

*254.  Junco  hyemalis  (Linn.}.  JUNCO;  SNOWBIRD.  (567.)— 
North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Minnesota  and  northern 
New  York  northward,  and  southward  along  the  summits  of  the 
Alleghanies  to  Virginia  ;  winters  southward  to  the  Gulf  States. 
The  Junco  is  our  most  abundant  winter  bird.  It  comes  to  us  from 
the  north  late  in  September  and  remains  until  May. 

*255.  Melospiza  fasciata  (Gmel.).  SONG  SPARROW.  (581.) 
—Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Illinois  and 
Virginia  north  to  Quebec  and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  from  south- 


FIG.  26.     JUNCO. 

ern  Illinois  and  Massachusetts  to  the  Gulf.  This  species  is  here 
an  abundant  summer  and  common  winter  resident.  (See  Group, 
Gallery,  between  Cases  O  and  P.) 

256.  Melospiza  lincolni  (Aud.).  LINCOLN'S  SPARROW.  (583.) 
— Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Illinois  and 
northern  New  York  northward,  and  wintering  from  southern 
Illinois  to  Mexico ;  rare  east  of  the  Alleghanies.  In  this  vicinity 
Lincoln's  Sparrow  is  a  rare  but  regular  migrant,  passing  north- 
ward in  May  and  southward  in  September  and  October  (Dutcher^ 
MS.). 

*257.  Melospiza  georgiana  (Lath.).  SWAMP  SPARROW.  (584.) 
— Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Illinois  and 
Pennsylvania  northward  to  Labrador;  winters  from  southern 
Illinois  and  northern  New  Jersey  to  the  Gulf.  This  bird  is  an 
abundant  summer  resident,  especially  in  the  great  marshes  of  the 
Hackensack,  and  a  rare  winter  resident.  (See  Group,  Gallery, 
between  Cases  O  and  P.) 

*258.  Passerella  iliaca  (Merr.).  Fox  SPARROW.  (585  )— 
Breeds  from  the  Magdalen  Islands  and  Manitoba  to  Alaska,  and 
winters  from  Virginia  southward.  This  Sparrow  occurs  as  a 
common  spring  and  fall  migrant,  passing  northward  in  March  and 
April  and  southward  in  October  and  November. 


—   65   — 

*259-  Pipilo  erythrophthalmus  (Linn.}.  TOWHEE  ;  CHEWINK. 
(587.)  -Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Lower  Mississippi 
Valley  and  Georgia  northward  to  Maine,  Ontario,  and  Manitoba. 
The  Chewink  is  here  an  abundant  summer  resident,  arriving  about 
April  20  and  remaining  until  late  October.  (See  Group,  main 
floor,  opposite  Case  P.) 

*26o.  Cardinalis  cardinalis  (Linn.}.  CARDINAL.  (593.)— 
Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  Florida  to  Iowa  and  south- 
ern New  York  ;  resident  throughout  its  range.  The  vicinity  of 
New  York  City  is  about  the  northern  limit  of  the  Cardinal's  range 
on  the  Atlantic  coast.  It  is  here  a  not  uncommon  resident  of  local 
distribution.  In  the  Hudson  Valley  it  is  not  found  north  of 
Hastings ;  it  is  very  rare  eastward  along  the  sound,  and  also  on 
Long  Island,  but  is  common  in  Central  Park,  New  York  City, 
where  I  have  seen  nine  individuals  at  one  time.  (See  Group,  main, 
floor,  opp.  Case  N.) 

*26i.  Habia  ludoviciana  (Linn.}.  ROSE-BREASTED  GROSBEAK. 
(593  ) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  eastern  Kansas,. 
Virginia  and  the  higher  altitudes  of  North  Carolina,  northward  to 
Maine  and  Manitoba,  wintering  in  Central  and  South  America. 
This  bird  is  a  common  summer  resident  in  the  Hudson  River 
Valley,  arriving  about  May  i  and  remaining  until  October.  On 
Long  Island  it  is  a  rare  summer  resident  (Dutcher,  MS.).  (See 
Group,  main  floor,  Alcove  N.) 

*262.  Guiraca  caerulea  (Linn.}.     BLUE*GROSBEAK.    (597.) 

United  States,  breeding  from  about  latitude  38°  southward  into 
Mexico,  and  wintering  south  of  our  limits.  There  are  several 
records  of  this  bird's  occurrence  in  this  vicinity  where,  of  course, 
it  is  only  an  accidental  visitor.  It  has  been  taken  at  Carnarsie, 
(L.  I.,  May,  1843  (Dutcher,  Auk,  V,  1893,  p  276);  Morristown,  N.  J. 
(Thurber,  True  Democratic  Banner,  newspaper,  Nov.  17,  1889); 
Snake  Hill,  N.  J.  (Bicknell,  Bull.  N.  O.  C,  III,  1878,  p  132),  and 
Manhattan  Island  (DeKay,  Birds,  N.  Y.,  p.  146). 

Passerina  ciris  (Linn}.  PAINTED  BUNTING.  (601.)— Breeds 
from  the  Gulf  States  northward  to  Kansas,  southern  Illinois  and 
North  Carolina.  The  capture  of  several  specimens  of  this  bird 
in  this  vicinity  has  been  recorded  (Bicknell,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  III,. 
1878,  p.  132).  It  is  probable  that  they  were  escaped  cage-birds. 

^263.  Passerina  cyanea  (Linn.}.  INDIGO  BUNTING.  (598.) — 


—    66    — 

Eastern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Minnesota  and 
Nova  Scotia,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  This  species  is 
a  common  summer  resident  in  this  vicinity,  arriving  about  May  i 
and  remaining  until  October  i. 

264.  Spizaamericana(6!;;^/.).  DICKCISSEL;  BLACK-THROAT- 
ED   BUNTING.      (604.) — Eastern    United    States,     mostly     in    the 
Mississippi  Valley,   breeding  from  Texas  to  Minnesota,  and  wint- 
ering in  Central  and  South  America  ;  breeds  east  of  the  Alleghanies 
now  only  rarely  and  locally.     About  forty  years  ago  this  bird  was 
evidently   a   regular  and   not   uncommon  summer  resident  in  this 
vicinity  (see  Giraud,  Chapman,  apud  Galbraith,   Auk,  VIII,  1891,  p. 
395),  but  it  occurs  now  only  rarely  and  irregularly.   Recent  records 
are  :   Miller's  Place,  L.  I  ,    September  29  and  October  10  (Dutcher, 
Auk,  VI,    1889,   p.  13),  and  Blithewood,  L.  I.,  August  25  (Johnson, 
Auk,  VIII,  1891,  p.  116). 

Family  TANAGRID^.— TANAGERS. 

265.  Piranga  ludoviciana    (Wils\      LOUISIANA  TANAGER. 
(607.)  -Western   North  America  north  to  British  Columbia.     The 
only  record  of  the  occurrence  of  this  western  species  in  this  vicinity 
is  that  of  a  young  male  taken  at  Fort  Montgomery,  N.  Y  ,  Decem- 
ber 21,  1 88 1  (Mear/is,  Auk,  VII,  1890,  p.  55). 

*266.  Piranga  erythromelas  Vieill.  SCARLET  TANAGER. 
(608.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  Illinois 
and  Virginia  to  anitoba  and  New  Brunswick,  and  wintering  in 
Central  and  northern  South  America.  With  us  it  is  a  common 
summer  resident,  arriving  early  in  May  and  remaining  until  about 
October  i.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  S  and  T.) 

*26y.  Piranga  rubra  (Linn.}.  SUMMER  TANAGER.  (610.)  — 
Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  Florida  to  southern  New 
Jersey,  wandering  casually  to  Nova  Scotia,  and  wintering  in  Cen- 
tral and  South  America.  This  species  is  of  rare  and  irregular 
occurrence  in  this  vicinity.  (Hendrickson,  Auk,  I,  1885,  p  290; 
Dutcher,  ibid,  III,  1886,  p  412;  V,  1888,  p.  181  ;  M earns,  ibid., 
VII,  1890,  p.  55.) 

Family  HIRUNDINID^. — SWALLOWS. 

268.  Progne  subis  (Linn}.  PURPLE  MARTIN.  (611  )  — 
North  America,  north  to  Newfoundland  and  the  Saskatchewan, 
breeding  throughout  its  range,  and  wintering  in  Central  and  South 


—    67    — 

America.  This  bird  breeds  in  colonies  and  is  of  local  distribution 
during  the  breeding  season.  It  was  formerly  not  uncommon  in 
the  vicinity  of  New  York  City  but  the  English  Sparrows  have 
taken  possession  of  its  nesting-houses  and  at  present  it  is  found  in 
but  few  places. 

269.  Petrochelidon  lunifrons  (Say).  CLIFF  SWALLOW  ; 
EAVE  SWALLOW.  (612.)— North  America,  north  to  Labrador  and, 
in  the  interior,  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  breeding  throughout  its  range 
and  wintering  in  the  tropics.  Like  most  of  the  Swallows  it  nests 
in  colonies,  and  in  this  region  generally  places  its  mud  nests 
beneath  the  projecting  eaves  of  a  barn.  It  appears  to  be  less 
common  during  the  summer  than  it  was  ten  or  more  years  ago, 
but  is  a  common  migrant,  particularly  in  the  fall.  According  to 
Dr.  Mearns,  it  arrives  as  early  as  April  16.  (See  Group,  main  floor, 
between  Cases  Q  and  R.) 

*27o.  Chelidon  erythrogaster  (Bodd.}.  BARN  SWALLOW. 
(613.) — North  America,  north  to  Greenland  and  Alaska,  breeding 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  its  range,  and  wintering  as  far  south 
as  southern  Brazil.  With  us  the  Barn  Swallow  is  a  common  sum- 
mer and  an  abundant  fall  migrant.  It  arrives  about  April  20  and 
remains  until  October  i. 

*27i.  Tachycineta  bicolor  (Vieill.).  TREE  SWALLOW.  (614.) 
— North  America,  north  to  Labrador  and  Alaska,  breeding  locally 
throughout  its  range,  and  wintering  from  South  Carolina  south- 
ward. In  this  vicinity  it  arrives  from  the  south  early  in  April. 
There  are  a  few  recorded  instances  of  its  breeding  near  New  York 
City  but,  generally  speaking,  the  species  passes  onward  to  more 
•distant  nesting  grounds.  July  i  they  begin  to  return  from  the 
north,  making  their  home  in  the  marshes  of  the  Hackensack, 
where,  by.  July  20,  they  may  be  found  in  countless  numbers.  In 
the  morning  they  leave  their  roosts  in  the  'cat-tails'  and  fly  out 
over  the  adjoining  country  to  feed.  At  night  they  return.  Their 
numbers  increase  until  about  September  i,  then  decrease,  and  by 
October  20  only  a  few  stragglers  remain. 

*272.  Clivicola  riparia  (Linn.).  BANK  SWALLOW.  (616.) — 
North  America,  north  to  Labrador  and  Alaska,  breeding  locally 
throughout  its  range,  and  wintering  as  far  south  as  Brazil.  It  is 
here  a  common  summer  resident,  breeding  in  colonies  where  the 
•conditions  are  favorable.  It  arrives  about  May  i  and  remains 
until  October.  (See  Group,  main  floor,  between  Cases  R  and  S.) 


273-  Stelgidopteryx  serripennis  (Aud.\  ROUGH-WINGED 
SWALLOW.  (617.) — North  America,  breeding  as  far  north  as  British 
Columbia,  Minnesota  and  Connecticut,  and  wintering  in  the  tropics. 
This  Swallow  is  locally  common  in  the  Lower  Hudson  River  Valley,, 
at  Riverdale  (Hicknell),  Hastings-on-the-Hudson  \Rowley\  Sing 
Sing  (Fisher] ;  at  Highland  Falls,  which  seems  to  be  near 
the  northern  limit  of  its  range  in  the  Hudson  Valley,  it  is  a 
rare  summer  resident  (Mearns).  I  have  seen  it  near  Ramapo, 
N.  Y.,  and  with  Dr.  J.  Dwight,  Jr.,  found  a  small  colony  breeding 
at  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.  It  breeds  near  New  Haven,  Connecticut,, 
in  small  numbers,  and  is  rare  as  far  north  as  Hartford  (Sage).  On 
Long  Island  it  is  of  rare  and  irregular  occurrence  (Dutcher). 

Family  AM  PELID^E.— WAX  WINGS,  ETC. 

274.  Ampelis  garrulus  Linn.  BOHEMIAN  WAXWING.  (618.) 
— Northern  parts  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere  ;  in  North  America,, 
south  in  winter,  irregularly,  to  the  northern  United  States.  This 
species  occurs  here  only  as  an  exceedingly  rare  and  irregular 
winter  visitant.  There  are  no  recent  records. 

*275.  Ampelis  cedrorum  (Vieill.}.  CEDAR  WAXWING  ;  CEDAR- 
BIRD.  (619.) — North  America,  breeding  from  Virginia  and  the 
Highlands  of  South  Carolina  north  to  Labrador;  winters  from  the 
northern  United  States  to  Central  America.  This  bird  is  here  a 
common  summer  resident  and,  in  favorable  localities,  a  not  un- 
common winter  resident 

Family  LANIID^E.— SHRIKES. 

*276.  Lanius  borealis  VieilL  NORTHERN  SHRIKE  ;  BUTCHER- 
BIRD. (621.) — Breeds  in  the  interior  in  the  far  north  (Fort  Ander- 
son, Macfarlane),  and  migrates  southward  in  winter  as  far  as  Kan- 


FIG.  27.     NORTHERN  SHRIKE. 


—    69    — 

sas  and  Washington,  D.  C.  This  species  is  here  a  more  or  less 
regular  but  rather  uncommon  winter  resident. 

277  Lanius  ludovicianus  Linn.  LOGGERHEAD  SHRIKE. 
(622.)— Eastern  North  America  west  to  the  edge  of  the  Plains ; 
breeds,  east  of  the  Alleghanies,  as  far  north  as  Virginia,  west  of 
the  Alleghanies  breeds  northward  to  the  Great  Lakes  and  eastward 
through  Centra]  New  York  to  Vermont  and  Maine.  The  Logger- 
head Shrike  is  found  here  as  a  very  rare  migrant  during  the 
latter  part  of  August  and  in  September.  It  has  been  known  to 
breed  but  once,  at  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.,  where  a  fledgeling  was  taken 
June  16,  1877  (Fisher,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  IV,  1879,  p.  61). 

Family  VIREONID^.— ViREOS. 

*278.  Vireo  olivaceus  (Linn.}.  RED-EYED  VIREO.  (624.) — 
Eastern  North  America,  westward  to  British  Columbia,  breeding 
from  the  Gulf  States  to  Labrador  and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  in 
Central  and  South  America.  This  is  one  of  our  abundant  summer 
residents.  It  arrives  from  the  south  about  May  8,  and  remains 
until  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  R  and  S.) 

279.  Vireo  philadelphicus  (Cass.}.  PHILADELPHIA  VIREO. 
(626.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  in  Manitoba,  Maine,  and 
probably  north  to  Labrador,  and  wintering  in  the  tropics.  With 
us  this  Vireo  occurs  only  as  a  very  rare  migrant. 

*28o.  Vireo  gilvus  (Vieill^.  WARBLING  VIREO.  (627.) — 
North  America,  breeding  as  far  north  as  the  Hudson  Bay  region 
and  wintering  in  the  tropics.  It  is  here  a  common  summer  resi- 
dent of  local  distribution,  arriving  early  in  May.  (See  Group, 
Gallery,  between  Cases  L  and  M.) 

*28i.  Vireo   flavifrons     Vieill.      YELLOW-THROATED   VIREO 

(628.)— Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Florida  to  New- 
foundland and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  in  the  tropics.  Here  a 
common  summer  resident,  arriving  about  May  7  and  remaining 
until  the  latter  part  of  September. 

282.  Vireo  solitarius  (Wils.).  BLUE-HEADED  VIREO.  (629.) 
—Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Connecticut  (and  south, 
ward  along  the  crests  of  the  Alleghanies)  northward  to  New 
Brunswick  and  Manitoba,  and  wintering  from  Florida  southward. 
It  is  here  a  not  uncommon  migrant,  passing  northward  during  the 


—    70    — 

latter  part   of  April   and   first   part  of  May,   and  returning  late  in 
September. 

^283.  Vireo  noveboracensis  (Gtnel.).  WHITE-EYED  VIREO. 
(631.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  Florida  to  New 
Hampshire  and  Minnesota,  and  wintering  from  Florida  south- 
ward. This  species  is  a  common  summer  resident  about  New  York 
City.  It  reaches  us  from  the  south  about  May  7,  and  remains 
until  early  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  RandS.) 

Family  MNIOTILTID^E.— WOOD-WARBLERS. 

^284.  Mniotilta  varia  (Linn.).  BLACK  AND  WHITE  WARBLER. 
(636.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Southern  States 
north  to  Fort  Simpson,  and  wintering  from  Florida  southward. 
The  Black  and  White  Warbler,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  the 
Black  and  White  Creeper,  is  here  a  tolerably  common  summer 
resident  and  common  migrant.  It  appears  the  latter  part  of  April 
and  is  with  us  until  the  first  part  of  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery^ 
between  Cases  M  and  N.) 

285.  Protonotaria  citrea  (Bodd}.  PROTHONOTARY  WARB- 
LER. (637.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States 
to  southern  Illinois  and  Virginia,  and  wintering  in  the  tropics. 
Its  occurrence  near  New  York  City  is  accidental ;  there  is  but  one 
record,  viz.,  a  male  shot  at  Jamaica,  L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893, 
p.  276).  The  same  author  has  recorded  a  specimen  which  struck 
the  Montauk  Point  Lighthouse,  August  27,  1886  (ibid.,  V,  1888, 
p.  182). 

*286.  Helmitherus  vermivorus  (Gmel}.  WORM-EATING 
WARBLER.  (639  ) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  the  Gulf 
States  north  to  southern  Illinois  and  southern  Connecticut,  and 
wintering  in  the  tropics.  This  bird  is  one  of  our  rarer  summer 
residents,  though  it  is  not  uncommon  some  years  in  the  early  fall 
migration.  In  the  Hudson  River  Valley  it  is  regularly  found  as 
far  north  as  Highland  Falls  (Af earns)  and  occurs  at  Fishkill  (Stearns). 
In  Connecticut  it  breeds  at  Saybrook  and  New  Haven,  but  is  not 
common,  and  at  Portland  it  has  been  taken  only  twice  (Sage).  On 
Long  Island  it  is  considered  exceedingly  rare  (Dutcher). 

*287.  Helminthophila  pinus  (Linn}.  BLUE-WINGED  WARB- 
LER. (641.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north  as 
southern  Minnesota  and  Connecticut,  and  wintering  in  the  tropics. 


This  species  arrives  early  in  May  and  remains  until  September  i. 
It  is  a  common  summer  resident  of  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley,  at 
least  as  far  north  as  Highland  Falls  (Mearns).  In  Connecticut  it 
is  common  at  Saybrook  and  New  Haven,  but  is  rare  as  far  north 
as  Portland  where  but  one  or  two  pairs  breed  each  season  (Sage). 
On  Long  Island  it  is  known  to  breed  only  along  the  north  shore, 
where  it  is  probably  not  uncommon  in  favorable  localities.  (See 
Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  M  and  N.) 

Brewster's  Warbler  (Helminthophila  leucobronchialis)  with  us  is 
a  rare  but  regular  summer  resident  in  northern  New  Jersey,  the 
Lower  Hudson  Valley  and  southern  Connecticut,  but  has  been 
taken  only  once  on  Long  Island  (Howell).  Specimens  have  been 
recorded  from  Morristown  (Thurber},  Maplewood  (Riker),  and 
Englewood,  N.  J.,  where  it  has  been  found  nesting  (Chapman, 
Auk,  IV,  1887,  p.  348;  IX,  1892,  p.  302).  Farther  north  in  the 
Hudson  Valley  it  has  been  found  at  Nyack  (Bicknell\  and  at  Sing 
Sing  five  specimens  have  been  secured  (Fisher,  Bull.  N.  O.  C  ,  IV, 
1879,  p.  234;  VI,  1881,  p.  245;  Auk,  II,  1885,  p.. 378).  In  the 
Lower  Connecticut  Valley  this  bird  seems  to  be  more  frequent 
than  in  any  other  part  of  its  range.  It  has  been  found  at  Saybrook, 
Seymour,  New  Haven,  Portland,  and  other  localities,  the  principal 
records  being  as  follows:  Eames,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  427  ;  VI,  1889, 
p.  305  ;  Bishop,  ibid.,  VI,  1889,  p.  192  ;  Sage,  ibid.,  X,  1893,  p.  208. 
Probably  not  more  than  one-third  of  all  the  specimens  recorded 
are  typical  leucobronchialis,  the  remaining  two-thirds  presenting 
every  stage  of  intergradation  between  this  bird  and  typical  H.pinus. 

Lawrence's  Warbler  (Helminthophila  lawrencet)  is  a  much  rarer 
bird  than  the  preceding.  There  are  records  for  only  three  typical 
specimens  from  the  immediate  vicinity  of  New  York  City,  viz., 
Chatham,  N.  J.  (HerricK),  Hoboken,  N.  J.  (Lawrence),  and  Rye, 
N.  Y.  (Vorhees,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  427). 

Five  specimens  have  been  recorded  from  Connecticut,  the 
details  of  their  capture  being  given  under  the  references  cited  for 
H.  leucobronchialis. 

The  status  of  both  Brewster's  and  Lawrence's  Warbler  is  still 
unsettled.  They  are  generally  considered  to  be  hybrids  between 
H.  pinus  and  H.  chrysoptera,  and  it  has  also  been  suggested  that 
dichromatism  may  play  a  part  in  producing  their  coloration.  Their 
relationship  will  be  found  discussed  under  the  following  references  : 
Brewster,  Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  VI,  i88i,p.  218;  Ridgway,  Auk,  II,  1885, 
p.  359;  Manual  N.  A.  Birds,  1887,  p.  486. 


—    72   — 

*2%8.  Helminthophila  chrysoptera  (Linn  ).  GOLDEN-WINGED 
WARBLER.  (642.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Indiana 
and  northern  New  Jersey  north  to  Michigan,  southern  Ontario, 
and  Vermont,  south  along  the  coast  of  the  Alleghanies  to  South 
Carolina  ;  winters  in  Central  America.  In  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  New  York  City  this  bird  occurs  as  a  rather  rare  spring  migrant 
but  in  the  early  southward  migration,  in  August,  it  is  sometimes 
not  uncommon.  It  has  been  found  nesting  at  Nyack,  N.  Y. 
(Brownell\  and  probably  breeds  regularly  from  that  point  north- 
ward. 

*28p.  Helminthophila  runcapilla^F/Zr.).  NASHVILLE  WARB- 
LER. (645.)— Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern 
Illinois  and  Connecticut  northward  to  Labrador  and  the  Fur 
Countries.  This  species  is  here  a  tolerably  common  migrant  and 
a  rare  summer  resident  as  far  south  as  Highland  Falls.  It  arrives 
about  May  10  and  returns  on  its  southward  journey  during  late 
August,  the  last  migrants  being  seen  about  September  25. 

290.  Helminthophila    celata    (Say'].       ORANGE-CROWNED 
WARBLER.    (646.) — Breeds  in   the  interior   of  British  Columbia,  as 
far  north  as  the  "Yukon  and  Mackenzie  River  districts,  and  south- 
ward through  the  Rocky  Mountains,  wintering  in  the  South  Atlantic 
and   Gulf  States   and  Mexico".     This  Warbler   occurs   here   as  an 
exceedingly   rare   migrant.      There   are  records  of  only  six  speci- 
mens, all  but  one  of  which  occurred  in  the  fall.    (See  Hoivell,  Auk, 
X,  1893,  p.  91.) 

291.  Helminthophila     peregrina     (Wih.\        TENNESSEE 
WARBLER.  (647.) — Eastern  North  America,   breeding  from  Minne- 
sota,  northern   New  York   and    New   Brunswick   northward,    and 
wintering  in  Central  America.     With   us  this  bird  is  a  rather  rare 
spring  migrant,  but  is  sometimes  not  uncommon  in  the  fall.     It 
passes  northward  early  in  May  and  returns  on  its  southern  journey 
in  September. 

*292.  Compsothlypisamericana  (Linn.}.  PARULA  WARBLER. 
(648.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States 
northward  to  Anticosti,  and  wintering  from  Florida  southward. 
The  Parula  Warbler  is  here  a  more  or  less  abundant  migrant,  and 
locally  common  summer  resident.  It  arrives  from  the  south  about 
May  7  and  the  last  individuals  are  observed  in  early  October. 

Dendroica  tigrina  (Gmel.\  CAPE  MAY  WARBLER.  (650.) 


—    73   — 

' — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  New  England 
north  to  Hudson  Bay,  and  wintering  in  the  tropics.  This  is  one 
of  our  rarest  spring  migrants,  passing  northward  about  May  15. 
In  the  fall  migration  immature  birds  are  sometimes  not  uncommon. 

*2p4.  Dendroica  aestiva  (Gmel.\  YELLOW  WARBLER.  (652.) 
—North  America,  except  southwestern  States,  breeding  northward 
to  the  Arctic  Regions  and  wintering  as  far  south  as  northern  South 
America.  This  bird  is  one  of  our  common  summer  residents.  It 
arrives  from  the  south  about  May  5  and  remains  until  September. 
(See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  N  and  O.) 

*295.  Dendroica  caerulescens  (Gmel.\  BLACK-THROATED 
BLUE  WARBLER.  (654.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from 
northern  Minnesota  (probably)  and  Connecticut  (rarely)  northward 
to  Labrador,  and  south  along  the  crest  of  the  Alleghanies  to  Ge- 
orgia. It  is  one  of  our  common  migrant  Warblers,  passing  north- 
ward early  in  May  and  returning  in  September. 

*296.  Dendroica  coronata  (Linn.). 
MYRTLE    WARBLER;      YELLOW-RUMPED 
WARBLER,  (655.) — Eastern  North  Ame- 
rica, breeding  from  northern  Minnesota 
and  northern  New  England   northward, 
and   wintering  from   the   Middle  States 
southward.     This  species  is  an  abundant 
FIG.  28.  MYRTLE  WARBLER,    migrant   in  our  vicinity  and  in  favorable 
localities   where   food   is   abundant,    it  passes  the  whole  winter. 
Migrants  begin  to  arrive  in  early  April,  and  the  southward  migration 
takes  place  during  the  latter  part  of  September  and  October. 

*297.  Dendroica  maculosa  (GmelJ).  MAGNOLIA  WARBLER. 
(657.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Michigan 
and  northern  New  England  to  Hudson  Bay,  and  southward  along 
the  Alleghanies  to  Pennsylvania,  and  wintering  in  Central  America. 
In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  common  migrant,  passing  northward  early 
in  May  and  returning  late  in  August  and  in  September. 

298.  Dendroica  caerulea  (Wils.).  CERULEAN  WARBLER, 
(658.) — Breeds  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  as  far  north  as  Minnesota, 
and  eastward  as  far  as  Lockport,  N.  Y.  (Davisori),  and  winters  in 
the  tropics.  Its  occurrence  here  is  accidental  and  there  are  but 
two  records  of  its  capture,  one  of  a  male  taken  in  Kings  County, 
L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  277),  and  one  of  a  male  taken  at 


—    74    — 

Highland  Falls,   May  17,  1875  (Mearns,   Birds  Hudson  Highlands 
P-  J54). 

*2pp.  Dendroica  pensylvanica  (Linn.}.  CHESTNUT-SIDED 
WARBLER.  (659.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  central 
Illinois  and  northern  New  Jersey  north  to  Manitoba  and  New- 
foundland, and  southward  along  the  crest  of  the  Alleghanies  to 
South  Carolina.  With  us  it  is  a  common  migrant,  and,  in  northern 
New  Jersey,  a  rare  summer  resident.  It  arrives  early  in  May,  and 
the  return  migration  occurs  between  August  10  and  October  i. 

*300.  Dendroica castanea  (IVils.}.  BAY-BREASTED  WARBLER. 
(660.  ;—  Eastern  Northern  America,  breeding  from  northern  Michi- 
gan and  northern  New  England  northward  to  Hudson  Bay  and 
Labrador,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  As  a  rule  the  Bay- 
breasted  is  one  of  our  rarest  transient  Warblers  but  during  some 
seasons  it  is  found  in  numbers.  It  passes  northward  about  the 
middle  of  May  and  returns  in  September. 

*30i.  Dendroica  striata  (Forst.). 
BLACKPOLL  WARBLER.  (66 1.) — "Eastern 
North  America  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
north  to  Greenland,  the  Barren  Grounds, 
and  Alaska,  breeding  from  northern  New 
England  northward.  South  in  winter  to 
northern  South  America."  The  Blackpoll 

is   one   of   our   most   abundant   migrants,        FlG  2       BLACKPOLL 
and   is   the   last  of  the  Warblers  to  reach  WARBLER. 

us   in   the   spring.      It   passes   northward  from  May  20  to  30  and 
returns  on  its  southern  journey  in  September. 

*302.  Dendroica  blackburniae  (Gmel.\  BLACKBURNIAN 
WARBLER.  (662.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern 
Minnesota  and  southern  Maine  northward  to  Labrador,  and  south- 
ward along  the  Alleghanies  to  South  Carolina,  and  wintering  in 
the  tropics  In  this  vicinity  it  is  a  rather  uncommon  spring 
migrant,  passing  northwaid  during  the  first  half  of  May,  but  is  not 
uncommon  some  years  during  its  return  migration  in  September. 
303.  Dendroica  dominica  (Linn.}.  YELLOW-THROATED 
WARBLER.  (663.) — Southern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north 
as  Virginia,  and  wintering  from  Florida  southward.  There  is  but 
one  record  of  the  occurrence  of  this  southern  species  near  New 
York  City.  It  is  based  on  the  capture  of  a  male  in  Kings  County,. 
L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  277) 


—   75    — 

*3°4.  Dendroica  virens  (Gmel.).  BLACK-THROATED  GREEN 
WARBLER.  (667.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern 
Illinois  and  Connecticut  northward  to  Hudson  Bay  and  southward 
along  the  Alleghanies  to  South  Carolina.  In  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  New  York  City  this  bird  is  found  only  as  a  migrant, 
arriving  from  the  south  late  in  April  and  returning  about  the 
middle  of  August.  It  is  known  to  breed  at  Highland  Falls,  N.  Y. 
(Afearns),  Bridgeport,  Conn.  (Averill),  and  Millers  Place,  L.  I. 
(Dutcher,  MS.). 

*305-  Dendroica  vigorsii  (Aud.).  PINE  WARBLER.  (671.) — 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Hayti  (?),  the  Bahamas  and 
Florida  north  to  Manitoba  and  Maine,  and  wintering  from  southern 
Illinois  and  North  Carolina  southward.  This  Warbler  is  of  local 
distribution  in  this  vicinity.  In  northern  New  Jersey,  the  Lower 
Hudson  Valley  and  southern  Connecticut  it  occurs  only  as  a  rare 
migrant,  but  on  certain  parts  of  Long  Island,  where  the  scrub 
pines  afford  it  congenial  surroundings,  it  is  not  uncommon  and 
breeds. 

306.  Dendroica  palmarum  (Gmel.).  PALM  WARBLER.  (672.) 
—Breeds  in  the  interior  of  British  America  north  of  Manitoba 
and  west  of  Hudson  Bay,  migrates  southward  through  the  Mississippi 
Valley,  and  winters  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  States,  West 
Indies,  and  Mexico  ;  casual  in  the  North  Atlantic  States.  This, 
species  is  of  rare  occurrence  here.  One  specimen  was  taken  at 
Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.,  April  29,  1882  (Fisher,  Bull.  N.  O.  C,  VII,  1882, 
p.  249),  two  at  Riverdale,  N.  Y.,  in  the  spring  of  1877  (Bicknell^ 
Bull.  N.  O.  C.,  V,  1880,  p.  182),  and  one  struck  the  Fire  Island 
Lighthouse  September  23,  1887  (Dutcher,  Auk,  V,  1888,  p.  182). 

^307.  Dendroica  palmarum  hypochrysea  Ridgiv.  YELLOW 
PALM  WARBLER;  YELLOW  REDPOLL.  (6720.) — Breeds  from  Nova 
Scotia  northward  east  of  Hudson  Bay  and  migrates  southward 
through  the  Atlantic  States  to  winter  in  the  Gulf  States.  This 
bird  is  here  a  common  migrant  arriving  from  the  south  about  April 
10,  and  returning  late  in  September  and  in  October. 

308.  Dendroica  discolor  (Vie ill.).  PRAIRIE  WARBLER.  (673.) 
— Breeds  from  Florida  to  Michigan  and  Massachusetts  and  winters 
from  southern  Florida  southward.  The  distribution  of  the  Prairie 
Warbler  in  this  vicinity  is  much  like  that  of  the  Pine  Warbler. 
It  is  rare  in  northern  New  Jersey  and  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley> 


where,  however,  it  has  been  found  breeding  once  (Highland  Falls, 
Mearns),  but  is  not  uncommon  on  some  parts  of  Long  Island.  At 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  it  is  a  common  migrant  and  may  breed 
(Averill).  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  E  and  F.) 

*30p     Seiurus     aurocapillus 

(Linn.).  OVENBIRD.  (674.) — Eastern 
North  America,  breeding  from  Kan- 
sas and  Virginia  northward  to  Mani- 
toba and  Labrador,  southward  along 
the  Alleghanies  to  South  Carolina ; 
winters  from  Florida  southward. 
The  Ovenbird  is  one  of  our  abundant  FIG.  30.  OVENBIRD. 

summer  residents  arriving  about  May  i  and  remaining  until  the 
middle  of  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  G  and  H.) 

*3IO.  Seiurus   noveboracensis    (Gmel.).     WATER-THRUSH. 

(675-) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  northern  Illinois 
and  Massachusetts  northward  and  wintering  from  the  Gulf  States 
to  northern  South  America.  With  us  this  species  is  a  common 
migrant,  passing  northward  during  May  and  returning  about 
September  i. 

311.  Seiurus  noveboracensis  notabilis(6!r/;^.).  GRINNELL'S 

WATER-THRUSH.  (6750.) — "United  States,  from  Illinois  westward 
to  California,  and  north  into  British  America";  eastward  during 
the  migrations  to  Virginia  and  the  South  Atlantic  States,  and 
wintering  from  the  Gulf  States  to  northern  South  America.  This 
western  species  is  of  a  casual  occurrence  here  It  has  been  record- 
ed only  from  Raritan,  N.  J.,  May  30,  1889  (Southwick,  Auk,  IX, 
1892,  p.  303). 

*3I2  Seiurus  motacilla(F/>///.).  LOUISIANA  WATER-THRUSH. 
(676.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Minnesota 
and  Connecticut  and  wintering  in  the  tropics.  It  is  a  common 
summer  resident  in  the  Lower  Hudson  Valley,  has  been  found  as 
far  north  as  Lake  George  (Fisher),  and  is  not  uncommon  in  the 
Lower  Connecticut  Valley.  There  are  two  records  for  Massachu- 
setts and  two  for  Rhode  Island.  On  Long  Island  it  is  very  rare 
(Dutcher).  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  Q  and  R). 

^313.  Geothlypis  formosa  (Wits.).  KENTUCKY  WARBLER. 
(677.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
Iowa  and  Connecticut,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  This 


PLATE  111.     LOUISIANA   WATER-THRUSH. 
(From  Group  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.) 


—  -77    - 

is  a  common  summer  resident  on  the 
banks  of  the  Lower  Hudson  River  and 
has  been  recorded  from  Fort  Lee  and 
Rtverdale  (Bicknell\  Englewood  (Chap- 
man), and  Sing  Sing  (.Fisher),  beyond 
which  point  it  is  as  yet  unknown.  In 
Connecticut  there  are  but  three  records, 
viz.,  at  Suffield  where  a  male  was  taken 
FIG.  31.  KENTUCKY  WARBLER.  August  16,  1876  (Merriam},  at  Green- 
wich, where  a  pair  and  a  fledgeling  were  seen  and  the  male  taken 
July  10,  1892  (Vorhees,  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  86),  and  at  West  Stratford, 
where  a  male  was  shot  May  30,  1888  (Lucas,  Orn.  and  Ool.,  XIV, 
1889,  p.  62).  On  Long  Island  it  is  very  rare,  there  being  but  one 
recent  record  of  its  occurrence  (Dutcher}. 

314.  Geothlypis  agilis  (Wils.\  CONNECTICUT  WARBLER. 
(678.) — Eastern  North  America,  nesting,  as  far  as  known,  in  Mani- 
toba and  wintering  in  northern  South  America.  This  species  is  an 
exceedingly  rare  spring  migrant  east  of  the  Alleghanies,  and  I 
know  of  no  record  of  its  occurrence  here  at  that  season  ;  in  the 
fall,  however,  it  is  not  uncommon,  .and  sometimes  is  abundant, 
arriving  as  early  as  September  3  and  remaining  until  the  latter 
part  of  the  month. 

.  315.  Geothlypis  Philadelphia  (Wils.\  MOURNING  WARBLER. 
(679.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  eastern  Nebraska, 
northern  New  York  and  Nova  Scotia  northward,  and  southward 
along  the  Alleghanies  to  Pennsylvania.  This  species  is  one  of  our 
rarest  Warblers  ;  it  passes  northward  during  the  latter  half  of  May. 

*3l6.  Geothlypis  trichas  (Linn.}.  MARYLAND  YELLOW- 
THROAT.  (681.) — Eastern  North  America,  west  to  the  Plains, 
breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to  Manitoba  and  Labrador,  and 
wintering  from  the  Gulf  States  southward.  This  is  one  of  our 
most  abundant  summer  residents.  It  arrives  about  May  5  and 
remains  until  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  N 
and  O.) 

*3i7-  Icteria  virens  (Linn.).  YELLOW-BREASTED  CHAT.  (683.) 
— Eastern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north  as  southern  Minne- 
sota and  Massachusetts,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  The 
Chat  is  here  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving  about  May  5, 
and  remaining  until  September. 


—    78    — 

*3l8.  Sylvania  mitrata  (Gmel.).  HOODED  WARBLER.  (684.) 
• — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north  as  southern  Michi- 
gan and  southern  Connecticut,  and  wintering  in  Central  America. 
The  Hooded  Warbler  is  here  near  the  northern  limit  of  its  range. 
At  Englewood,  N.  J.,  it  is  an  abundant  summer  resident,  arriving 
about  May  5  and  remaining  until  the  middle  of  September.  At 
Riverdale,  N.  J.,  it  is  locally  common  (Bicknell\  at  Sing  Sing  it  is 
not  common  (Fisher),  but  at  Highland  Falls  it  is  "very  common" 
(Mearns).  It  has  been  taken  at  Fishkill,  the  most  northern  point 
in  the  Hudson  River  Valley  from  which  it  has  been  recorded.  In 
Connecticut  it  is  common  at  Saybrook  and  New  Haven  but  is  rare 
north  of  these  points  (Sage.}  In  Massachusetts  it  has  been  found 
only  twice.  On  Long  Island  it  is,  as  far  as  known,  very  rare. 

*3I9.  Sylvania  pusilla  (IVils}.  WILSON'S  WARBLER.  (685.) 
— North  America,  breeding  from  British  Columbia,  Minnesota  and 
Nova  Scotia  northward  and  wintering  in  Central  America,  This 
bird  is  here  a  rare  spring  migrant,  passing  north  ward  from  the  i2th 
to  the  3oth  of  May,  but  is  not  uncommon  at  times  during  its  return 
journey,  which  takes  place  between  August  15  and  September  15. 

*320.  Sylvania  canadensis  (Linn  ).  CANADIAN  WARBLER. 
(686.)— Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Michigan 
and  Massachusetts  to  Manitoba  and  Labrador,  and  wintering  in 
Central  and  South  America.  This  is  one  of  our  common  migrants, 
passing  north  from  May  10  to  June  10  and  returning  between 
August  5  and  September  10. 

*32I.  Setophaga  ruticilla  (Linn.}  AMERICAN  REDSTART. 
(687.) — North  America,  breeding  from  Kansas  and  North  Carolina 
north  to  Labrador  and  Fort  Simpson,  and  wintering  in  the  West 
Indies,  Central  America  and  northern  South  America.  The  Red- 
start is  a  common  summer  resident  of  our  woodland  ;  it  arrives 
about  May  5  and  remains  until  early  October.  (See  Group,  Gallery, 
between  Cases  N  and  O.) 

Family  MOTACILLID^E.— WAGTAILS. 
*322.  Anthus  pensilvanicus  (Lath.).  AMERICAN  PIPIT; 
TITLARK  (697.) — "  North  America  at  large,  breeding  in  the  higher 
parts  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  sub-arctic  districts  and  winter- 
ing in  the  Gulf  States,  Mexico  and  Central  America".  The  Titlark 
is  a  generally  common,  and  along  our  coasts,  an  abundant  migrant. 
It  travels  northward  from  the  latter  part  of  March  to  early  May 
and  returns  on  its  southern  journey  during  October  and  November. 


—    79   — 

Family   TROGLODYTID^.— WRENS,    THRASHERS,    ETC. 

*323.  Mimus  polyglottos  (Linn\  MOCKINGBIRD.  (703  )  — 
Breeds  from  the  Bahamas  and  Mexico  to  southern  Illinois  and 
northern  New  Jersey,  rarely  to  Massachusetts,  and  winters  from 
North  Carolina  southward.  The  Mockingbird  is  of  exceedingly 
rare  occurrence  in  this  vicinity  and  doubtless  many  of  the.  speci- 
mens reported  are  escaped  cage-birds.  It  has,  however,  been 
found  breeding  at  a  number  of  localities,  and  at  Tenafly,  N.  J.,  a 
pair  returned  to  the  same  locality  for  a  number  of  years  (Auk,  VI, 
1889,  p.  305).  On  several  occasions  Mockingbirds  have  been  found 
here  during  the  winter  and  have  shown  their  ability  to  withstand 
our  coldest  weather  as  long  as  they  could  obtain  an  abundance  of 
food.  Probably  these  birds  were  escaped  cage-birds  in  which  the 
instinct  of  migration  had  never  been  developed. 

*324.  Galeoscoptes  carolinensis  (Linn]  CATBIRD  (704) 
— North  America,  breeding  in  the  eastern  United  States  from  the 
Gulf  States  to  New  Brunswick  and  northwestward  to  the  Saskat- 
chewan and  British  Columbia ;  winters  from  Florida  southward. 
This  species  is  an  abundant  summer  resident,  arriving  about  May 
3  and  remaining  until  October  20.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between 
Cases  C  and  D.) 

*325.  Harporhynchus  rufus  (Linn.}.  BROWN  THRASHER. 
(705.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
Manitoba,  Maine  and  Montreal,  and  wintering  from  the  Gulf  States 
southward.  The  Brown  Thrasher  or  Brown  "Thrush",  as  it  is 
generally  but  incorrectly  called,  is  a  common  summer  resident, 
appearing  about  April  20  and  remaining  until  the  middle  of  Octo- 
ber. (See  Group,  main  floor,  between  Cases  K  and  L.) 

*326.  Thryothorus  ludovicianus  (Lath.).  CAROLINA  WREN. 
(718.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
southern  Iowa,  northern  Illinois,  and  southern  Connecticut;  re- 
sident, except  at  the  northern  limit  of  its  range.  Generally  speak- 
ing the  Carolina  Wren  is  a  rather  rare  bird  in  this  vicinity  but  on 
the  eastern  slope  of  the  Palisades,  as  far  north  as  Piermont,  it  is 
common  during  the  summer  (Chapman,  Auk,  X,  1893.  p.  87). 
It  has  been  found  on  Long  Island  in  the  winter  (Dutcher,  MS.). 

*327.  Troglodytes  aedon  (VieilL).  HOUSE  WREN.  (72^)— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Manitoba,  Mon- 


F 


FIG.  32.     CAROLINA  WREN. 

treal  and  Maine,  and  wintering  from  South  Carolina  southward. 
This  common  and  familiar  species  comes  to  us  about  May  i  and 
remains  until  October. 

*328.  Troglodytes  hiemalis  (Vieill.\  WINTER  WREN.  (722.) 
—Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Northern  States 
northward,  and  southward  along  the  Alleghanies  to  North  Carolina  ; 
winters  from  Massachusetts  and  Illinois  to  Florida.  Just  before 
the  House  Wren  leaves  us,  or  about  October  i,  the  Winter  Wren 
comes  from  the  north  and  is  not  uncommon  until  the  House  Wren 
returns  in  May. 


FIG.  33.     WINTER  WREN. 


—  -81    — 

329.  Cistothorus  stellaris  (Lie/it.).     SHORT-BILLED  MARSH 
WREN.  (624.) — Eastern   North  America,   breeding  as  far  north  as 
Manitoba  and  Massachusetts,   and  wintering  from  the  Gulf  States 
southward.     This  species  is   here  a  rare  summer  resident  of  local 
distribution. 

330.  Cistothorus   palustris  (Wils.\     LONG-BILLED  MARSH 
WREN.   (625  )— Eastern   North   America,   breeding  from  the   Gulf 
States   to   Manitoba  and  Massachusetts,   and  wintering  from  the 
Gulf   States   southward.      This   abundant  inhabitant  of  our  reedy 
marshes  arrives  in  May  and  remains  until  October. 

Family  CERTHIID^.— CREEPERS. 

*33i.  Certhia  familiaris  americana  (Bonap •.).  BROWN 
CREEPER.  (726. ) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Minnesota 
and  Maine  northward,  migrating  south  in  winter  as  far  as  the  Gulf 
States.  The  Creeper  is  here  a  tolerably  common  winter  resident, 
arriving  from  the  north  about  October  i  and  remaining  until  April. 

Family  PARID^.— NUTHATCHES  AND  TITS. 

*332.  Sitta  carolinensis  Lath.  WHITE-BREASTED  NUTHATCH. 
(727.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
Minnesota  and  New  Brunswick  ;  generally  resident  throughout  its 
range.  This  species  is  here  a  common  resident. 

*333-  Sitta  canadensis  Linn. 
RED-BREASTED  NUTHATCH.  (728.)  — 
North  America,  breeding  from  Mani< 
toba  and  Maine  northward,  and  south- 
ward  along  the  Alleghanies  to  Virginia  ; 

winters     from     about     the      southern         FlG  34      RED-BREASTED 
limit  of  its  breeding  range  to  the  Gulf  NUTHATCH. 

States.     This   bird   is   sometimes   common   from   the  later  part  of 
August  to  October  and  is  also  a  rare  winter  resident. 

334.  Parus  bicolor  (Linn  ).  TUFTED  TITMOUSE.  (731.) — 
Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to  southern 
Iowa  and  northern  New  Jersey  ;  resident  throughout  its  breeding 
range.  This  bird  is  resident  and  breeds  as  far  north  as  Orange, 
N.  J.  (Riker),  and  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  (Hollick).  Beyond  these 
points  it  occurs  only  irregularly  and  rarely.  It  has  been  observed 
on  several  occasions  at  Englewood,  N.  }.  (Chapman],  and  at  River- 
dale,  N.  Y.  (Bicknell),  the  most  northern  records,  I  believe,  for  the 


Hudson  River  Valley.  There  are  few  records  for  Connecticut, 
and  although  Giraud  leads  us  to  believe  it  was  not  uncommon  and 
bred  on  Long  Island  when  he  wrote,  it  is  now  unknown  there. 

*335-  Parus  atricapillus  (Linn.  ). 

CHICKADEE.  (735  )  —  Eastern  North 
America,  breeding  from  southern 
Illinois  and  Pennsylvania  northward 
to  Labrador,  and  southward  along 
the  Alleghanies  to  North  Carolina; 
in  winter  migrates  a  short  distance 
below  the  southern  limit  of  its  breed- 
ing range.  The  Chickadee  is  here  a 
common  resident,  but  is  more  nu- 
merous during  its  migration  in  Oc- 
tober than  at  other  times. 


336.  Parus  carolinensis 

CAROLINA     CHICKADEE.         (736.)  — 

"Southeastern  United  States,  north 

to  New  Jersey   and  Illinois";    resi- 

dent   from   Washington   southward. 

This  species   reaches    the   southern  FIG.  35.     CHICKADEE. 

limit   of   our  district  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,   where,  according  to  Mr. 

W.  E.  D.  Scott,  it  is  a  regular  surnmei  resident,  while  P.  atricapillus 

is  found  there  only  in  the  winter  (Scott,  TheCountry,  I,  1878,  p.  354). 

Family  SYLVIID^E.—  KINGLETS  AND  GNATCATCHERS. 

*337-  Regulus  satrapa  Licht.  GOLDEN-CROWNED  KINGLET. 
(748.)  —  North  America,  breeding  from  the  northern  United  States 
northward,  and  southward  along  the  Rockies  into  Mexico,  and  in 
the  Alleghanies  to  North  Carolina;  winters  from  the  southern 
limit  of  its  breeding  range  to  the  Gulf  States.  This  species  is  a 
common  winter  resident  in  favorable  localities;  it  arrives  from  the 
north  about  October  i  and  remains  until  May. 

*338.  Regulus  calendula  (LmnJ).  RUBY-CROWNED  KINGLET. 
(749.)  —  North  America;  breeds  from  the  northern  border  of  the 
United  States  northward,  and  winters  from  South  Carolina  south- 
ward into  Mexico.  This  species  is  with  us  a  common  spring,  and 
an  abundant  fall  migrant,  arriving  from  the  south  about  the  middle 
of  April  and  returning  late  in  September. 


—   83   — 


FIG.  36.     GOLDEN-CROWNED  KINGLET. 

339.  Polioptila  caerulea(Z/««.).  BLUE-GRAY  GNATCATCHER. 
(751.) — Eastern  United  States,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to 
northern  Illinois,  southern  Ontario,  and  northern  New  Jersey,  and 
wandering  rarely  to  Minnesota  and  Maine  ;  winters  from  Florida 
southward.  There  are  numerous  records  of  capture  of  this  south- 
ern species  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City,  but  it  is  not  known 
to  occur  regularly  nearer  than  Princeton,  N.  J.,  where  it  arrives 
from  "April  25  to  May  i"  (Scott,  The  Country,  I,  1878,  p.  354). 

Family  TURDID^E.— THRUSHES,  BLUEBIRDS,   ETC. 

*340.  Turdus  mustelinus  Gmd.  WOOD  THRUSH.  (755.)— 
Eastern  United  States,  breeding  as  far  north  as  Minnesota  and 
northern  Maine,  and  wintering  in  Central  America.  The  Wood 
Thrush  is  an  abundant  summer  resident,  arriving  about  May  i  and 
remaining  until  early  October.  It  may  rightly  claim  the  rank  of 
the  most  gifted  of  our  summer  songsters.  (See  Group,  main  floor, 
between  Cases  M  and  N.) 

*34I.  Turdus  fuscescens  Steph.  WILSON'S  THRUSH.  (756  )— 
Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Illinois  and  Penn- 
sylvania to  Manitoba  and  Newfoundland,  and  southward  along  the 
Alleghanies  to  North  Carolina.  Wilson's  Thrush,  or  the  Veery, 
as  it  is  better  called,  is  a  common  summer  resident,  arriving  about 
May  i  and  remaining  until  September.  (See  Group,  Gallery, 
between  Cases  L  and  M.) 


-     84   — 

342.  Turdus  aliciae  Baird.  GRAY-CHEEKED  THRUSH.  (757.) — 
North   America,     breeding    in    Labrador    and    northwestward    to- 
Alaska,  and  migrating  through  eastern  North  America  to  Central 
America.     This  bird  is  a  common  migrant,   passing  northward  in 
May  and  southward  in  September  and  October. 

343.  Turdus  aliciae  bicknelli  (Ridgw.).  BICKNELL'S  THRUSH. 
(7570-) — Breeds  in  the  higher  parts  of  the  Catskitls  and  northward 
to  the  White  Mountains   and  Nova  Scotia;  winters  in  the  tropics. 
So   far  as   records   go,   this  is  a  rather  rare  migrant,   occurring  in 
May    and     September    and     October,     but    careful    search     will 
doubtless  show  it  is  more  common  than  is  generally  supposed. 

*344.  Turdus  ustulatus  swainsonii  (Cab.).  OLIVE-BACKED- 
THRUSH.  (758.) — Breeds  from  Manitoba  and  New  Brunswick  to 
Alaska  and  Labrador,  and  southward  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,, 
and  along  the  Alleghanies  to  Pennsylvania.  The  Olive-backed 
Thrush  is  a  common  migrant  in  this  vicinity.  It  passes  northward 
in  May  and  southward  in  September  and  October. 

*345-  Turdus  aonalaschkae  pallasii  (C^.).  HERMIT  THRUSH. 
(759^.) — Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  northern  Michigan 
and  Massachusetts  northward,  and  southward  along  the  Alleghanies 
to  Pennsylvania;  winters  from  southern  Illinois  and  Pennsyl- 
vania to  the  Gulf  States.  This  species  is  an  abundant  migrant  and 
occasionally  is  found  in  small  numbers  during  the  winter.  In  the 
spring  it  reaches  us  about  April  10  and  has  passed  by  May  i; 
its  fall  migration  takes  place  between  October  i  and  November  i. 
There  is  a  record  of  its  probable  breeding  at  Lake  Ronkonkoma,. 
L.  I.  (Dutcher,  Auk,  III,  1886,  p.  443). 

*346.  Merula  migratoria  (Linn.).  AMERICAN  ROBIN.  (761.) 
— "Eastern  North  America  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  including 
eastern  Mexico  and  Alaska.  Breeds  from  near  the  southern  border 
of  the  United  States  northward  to  the  Arctic  Coast ;  winters  from 
southern  Canada  and  the  Northern  States  (irregularly)  southward". 
The  Robin  is  our  most  abundant  summer  resident,  and  in  favorable 
localities  a  few  may  be  found  in  the  winter.  Migrants  begin  to 
arrive  toward  the  last  of  February  and  the  species  is  abundant 
until  December.  (See  Group,  Gallery,  between  Cases  A  and  B.) 

347.  Saxicola  cenanthe  (Linn.}.  WHEATEAR.  (765.)— 
'Europe,  North  Africa,  Asia,  Alaska,  Greenland,  and  Labrador^ 
straggling  south  to  Nova  Scotia,  Maine,  Long  Island  and  the 


II 

<    s 
u 


—   85   — 

Bermudas."  This  northern  species  is  of  accidental  occurrence  in 
this  vicinity ;  it  has  been  twice  recorded  from  Long  Island 
{Lawrence,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  VIII,  1866,  p.  282  ;  Dutcher, 
Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  277). 

*348.  Sialia  sialis  (Linn.).  BLUEBIRD.  (766.)— Eastern 
United  States,  breeding  from  the  Gulf  States  to  Manitoba  and 
Nova  Scotia,  and  wintering  from  southern  Illinois  and  southern 
New  York  southward.  The  Bluebird  is  here  a  common  summer 
resident,  an  abundant  migrant,  and  a  not  infrequent  winter  resi- 
dent. Migrants  begin  to  arrive  from  the  south  early  in  March. 


ERRATA. 


p.  31,  line  i,  for  Palharope  read  Phalarope. 

p.  47,  insert  Family   Micropodidae.— Swifts,    before   No.    200, 
Chaetura  pelagica. 

p.  50,  line  5,  for  Alaada  read  Alauda. 

p.  58,  Fig.  21,  for  Pine  Finch  read  Redpoll. 

p.  60,  Fig.  22,  for  Savanna  Sparrow  read  Vesper  Sparrow. 


LIST  OF 

PRINCIPAL  PAPERS  RELATING  TO  THE  BIRDS 
OF  THE  VICINITY  OF  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


1844.  DE  KAY,  J.  E.  Zoology  of  New  York,  or  the  New  York 
Fauna;  comprising  detailed  descriptions  of  all  the  animals 
hitherto  observed  within  the  State  of  New  York,  with  brief 
notices  of  those  occasionally  found  near  its  borders,  and 
accompanied  by  appropriate  illustrations.  Part  II,  Birds. 
Albany:  i  Vol  ,  4to,  pp.  xii,  380,  pll.  col'd,  141. 

Treats  of  308  species.      "  Though  still  constantly  quoted  —  and  properly 
to  be  referred  to  —  it  has  ceased  to  be  regarded  as  an  authority  "  (Coues). 

1844.    GIRAUD,  J.   P.,   JR.       The   Birds  of  Long  Island New 

York:     published  by  Wiley  &  Putnam,    161   Broadway.... 
i  Vol.,  8vo.,  pp.  i-xxiv,  1-397. 

Treats  of  286  species,   giving  descriptions  and  extended   annotations. 
Only  200  copies  of  this  work  are  supposed  to  have  been  placed  in  circulation. 

1866.  LAWRENCE,  G.  N.  Catalogue  of  Birds  observed  on  New 
York,  Long,  and  Staten  Island  and  the  adjacent  parts  of 
New  Jersey.  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist,  New  York,  VIII,  pp. 
279-300. 

A  partially  annotated  list  of  327  species. 

1868.    ABBOTT,  C.  C.     Catalogue  of  Vertebrate  Animals  of  New 
Jersey.      Cooke's   Geology  of  New  Jersey.      Appendix  E. 
J3irds,  pp.  761-798. 

An  annotated   list  of  301   species,   abounding  in  errors  and  only  to  be 
used  with  discrimination. 

1876.    BICKNELL,  E.  P.     Field  Notes  at   Riverdale.       Forest  and 
Stream,  VI,  p.  233;  also  pp.  133,  148,  386,  402. 
Winter  and  spring  notes  on  numerous  species. 


—    88    — 

1876.  STEVENS,  W.  G.     Bird  arrivals  on  the  Harlem.     Forest  and 
Stream,  VI,  p.  215. 

Notes  on  40  species. 

1877.  MERRIAM,  C.  HART.     A  Review  of  the  Birds  of  Connecticut 
with  Remarks  on   their  Habits.      Trans.    Conn.  Acad.,   IV, 
pp.  1-165. 

A  fully  annotated  list  of  292  species. 

1877.  STEVENS,  W.  B.     [Arrivals   of  Birds  at  West  Farms,  N.  Y., 
during  the   springs  of   1874,    1875,  and  1876.]     Forest  and 
Stream,  VIII,  p.  400. 

Dates  of  arrival  of  32  species. 

1878.  BENNER,  F.     Bird  Notes    from    Long  Island.      Forest  and 
Stream,  X,  pp.  174,  215. 

Notes  from  Astoria  on  a  number  of  species. 

1878.  BICKNELL,  E.  P.  Evidences  of  the  Carolinian  Fauna  in  the 
Lower  Hudson  Valley,  Principally  from  Observations  taken 
at  Riverdale,  N.  Y.  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club  !,  III,  pp.  128 
-132. 

On  13  Carolinian  species.     (See  also  Allen,  J.  A.     ibid.,  pp.  149,  150.) 

1878.  HUYLER,  A.  I.  Winter  Birds  on  the  Hackensack.  The 
Country,  I,  p.  149. 

1878.    LAWRENCE,   N.  T.      Notes  on  several  rare   Birds  taken  on 
Long  Island.     Forest  and  Stream,  X,  p.  235. 
Notes  on  24  species. 

1878.  WINKLE,  N.     [Spring  Birds  at  Summit,  N.  J.]   The  Country, 
II,  P.  57. 

1879.  COUES,  G.  H.     List  of  Birds  observed  in  the  Naval  Hospital 
Grounds,    in   Brooklyn   City.       Bull.    Nutt.    Orn.  Club,    IV, 

PP-  3I-33- 

Brief  notes  on  60  species. 

1879.  HERRICK,  H  Notes  on  some  Birds  of  Chatham,  N.  J. 
Forest  and  Stream,  XII,  p.  165. 

1879-80.  MEARNS,  E.  A.  A  List  of  the  Birds  of  the  Hudson 
Highlands.  Bull.  Essex  (Mass.)  Inst.,  X,  pp.  166 — 179; 

1  Bulletin  of  the  Nuttall  Ornithological  Club  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  (Vols.  I 
—VIII,  1876—1883,  continued  as  'The  Auk'  (address,  C.  F.  Batchelder,  Treas., 
Cambridge,  Mass.). 


-^-89   — 

XI,  43~52>    154-168,  189-204;    XII,  11-25,  109-128;    XIII, 
75-93- 

The  best  and  most  complete  of  our  local  papers,  treating  fully  of  209 
species.  (See  also  an  Addendum  adding  5  species,  in  The  Auk  !,  VII, 
1890,  pp.  55,  56;  also  reviews  in  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  V,  1880,  p.  175  ; 
VI,  1881,  p.  172.) 

1879.    NICHOLS,    G.   N.       Migration    of   some   Warblers   through 
Summit,  N.  J.,  during  the  last  Spring.     Forest  and  Stream, 

XII,  p.  464. 

Notes  on  18  species. 

1879.    ROOSEVELT,  T.     Notes  on  some  of  the  Birds  of  Oyster  Bay, 
Long  Island.    One  page  leaflet,  published  by  the  author. 
Notes  on  17  species. 

1879.  SCOTT,  W.  E.  D.    Late  Fall  and  Winter  Notes  on  some  Birds 
Observed    in    the    Vicinity   of   Princeton,    N.  J.,     1878-79. 
Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  IV,  pp.  81-85. 

Notes  on  35  species. 

1879—85.    FISHER,  A.  K.      Occurrence  of  Several  rare  Birds  near 
Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.     Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  IV,  pp.  61,  62. 

Notes  on  5  species.  For  additional  notes  by  the  same  author  on  the 
rarer  birds  of  Sing  Sing,  see  ibid.,  Ill,  1878,  pp.  iqi,  192;  IV,  1879, 
p,  234;  VI,  1881,  p.  245  ;  VII,  1882,  p.  249,  251  ;  VIII,  1883,  pp.  121, 
180;  Auk1,  II,  1885,  pp.  306,  378. 

1880.  LAWRENCE,  R.     Notes  on  some  of  the  Rarer  Birds  of  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.     Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  V,  pp.  116-117. 

Notes  on  8  species. 

1880.  STEARNS,  W.  A.     List  of  Birds  of  Fishkill-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 
8vo.,  pp.  16.     Published  by  the  author. 

A  briefly  annotated  list  of  138  species.  (Review  in  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn. 
Club,  V,  1880,  p.  233.) 

1881.  EERIER,  DE  L.      Notes  on  a  few  Birds   Observed  at  Fort 
Hamilton,   Long  Island,   N.  Y.      Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  VI, 
pp.  11-13. 

Brief  notes  on  10  species. 

1881.    BERIER,  DE  L.     Notes  on  Birds  Rare  or  Accidental  on  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.     Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Club,  VI,  pp.  125,  126. 

Notes  on  1 1  species. 

1  The  Auk,  A  Quarterly  Journal  of  Ornithology.  Edited  by  J.  A.  Allen. 
Published  for  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union  by  L.  S.  Foster,  35  Pine  St., 
New  York  City. 


—    90    — 

1882.  TOWNSEND,  A.  L.  [Arrival  of  Birds  in  Spring  at  Bay  Ridge, 
L.  I  ]  Forest  and  Stream,  XVIII,  pp.  305,  346,  see  also 

p.  427. 

Notes  on  some  30  species. 

1884.    BARRELL,  H.  F.      Arrivals  of  Birds  in   [New  Providence,] 
N.  J.,  in  1883.     Orn.  and  Ool  ,  IX,  p.  45. 
A  chronological  list  of  73  species. 

1884.  DUTCHER,  W.      Bird  Notes  from  Long  Island,  N.  Y.     Auk, 

I,  PP-  I74-I79- 

On  birds  striking  the  Fire  Island  and  Shinnecock  Bay  Lighthouses. 

1884-5.  BICKNELL,  E.  P.  A  Study  of  the  Singing  of  our  Birds. 
Auk,  I,  pp.  60-71,  126-140,  209-218,  322-332  ;  II,  1885,  pp. 
144-154,  249-262. 

On    the  song-seasons  of   about    100   species  from    observations    made 
principally  at  Riverdale,  N.  Y. 

1884 — 89.  DUTCHER,  W.  Bird  Notes  from  Long  Island.  Auk,  I, 
PP-  3!-35  ;  II,  1885,  pp.  36-39;  III,  1886,  pp.  432-444;  V, 
1888,  pp.  169-183;  VI,  1889,  pp.  131-139;  X,  1893,  pp. 
265,  266. 

A  series  of  papers  on   the  rarer  birds   of  Long  Island,  treating  of,  in 
all,  71  species. 

1885.  BARRELL,  H.  F.      Birds  of  the  Upper  Passaic  Valley,  New 
Jersey.      Orn.  and  Ool.,  X,  pp.  21-23,  42>  43- 

A  briefly  annotated  list  of  149  species. 

1885.    HOLLICK,   A.     Preliminary  List  of  the  Birds  known  to  breed 
on   Staten  Island.       Proc.    Nat.   Sci.  Assoc.,  Staten  Island. 
Extra  No.  4,  December. 
A  nominal  list  of  67  species. 

1885.  LAWRENCE,  N.  T.      Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  Bird  Notes.     Auk, 

II,  pp.  272-274. 
Notes  on  1 8  species. 

1886.  PAINE,  A.  G  ,  JR.     Dates  of  the  Arrival  of  Migratory  Birds 
in  the  Spring  of  1886,  Central  Park,   New  York  City.      Orn. 
and  Ool.,  XI,  pp.  109,  125. 

A  chronological  list  of  64  species. 

1886.  WOODRUFF,  L.  B.,  AND  PAINE,  A.  G.,  JR.  Birds  of  Central 
Park,  New  York  [City].  A  Preliminary  List.  Forest  and 
Stream,  XXVI,  pp.  386,  387  ;  see  also  p.  487. 

A  briefly  annotated  list  of  121  species. 


—    91    — 

1887.  THURBER,  E.  C.      A  List  of  Birds  of   Morris  County,   New 
Jersey.     True  Democratic  Banner  (newspaper),  Morristown, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  TO,  17,  24. 

An  annotated  list  of  205  species.  (Review  in  Auk,  V,  1888,  pp. 421,  422.) 

1888.  HALES,  H.    Bird  Notes  of  Northern  New  Jersey.     Orn.  and 
O61.,  XIII,  p.  158. 

Notes  on  the  spring  migration  at  Ridge  wood,  N.  J. 

1889.  CHAPMAN,  F.  M.      Notes  on  Birds  Observed  in  the  Vicinity 
of  Englewood,  N.  J.     Auk,  VI,  pp.  302-305. 

Notes  on  19  species. 

1889.    CHAPMAN,  F.  M.     Notes  on  the  Mniotiltidae  of  Englewood, 
N.  J.     Abst.  Proc.  Linnaean  Society  [No.  i],   for  the  official 
year  1888-89,  P-  3-     (See  also  Auk,  VI,  1889,  p.  198.) 
A  synopsis  mentioning  8  species. 

1889.  CHAPMAN,  F.  M.  Remarks  on  the  Northern  Limit  of  the 
Carolinian  Fauna  on  the  Atlantic  Coast.  Abst.  Proc* 
Linnaean  Society  [No.  i],  for  the  official  year  1888-89,  p.  4. 
(See  also  Auk,  VI,  1888,  p.  199.) 

1889.  BUTCHER,  W.  Long  Island  Birds.  Forest  and  Stream, 
XXX,  p.  444. 

A  call  for  information  on  the  occurrence  of  52  species. 

1889.  FOSTER,  L.  S.  Some  Nyack  Birds.  Nyack  Evening  Jour- 
nal, Aug.  19. 

1889.  LAWRENCE,  G.  N.  An  account  of  the  Former  Abundance  of 
some  species  of  Birds  on  New  York  Island,  at  the  time  of  their 
Migration  to  the  South.    Abst.  Proc.  Linnaean  Society  [No. 
i],  for  the  official  year  1888-89,    pp.  6-8.       (See  also  Auk, 
VI,  1889,  pp.  201-204.) 

Notes  on  13  species,  from  1820  to  1850. 

1890.  NELSON,  J.      Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Vertebrates  of 
New  Jersey.      Geological    Survey    of    New  Jersey.      Final 
Report  of  the   State   Geologist.     Vol.  II,   Part  II.     Birds, 
pp.  518-636. 

Based  on  Abbott's  list  of  1868  and  containing  numerous  additional  errors. 

1892.    AVERILL,   C.  K.,  JR.       List  of  Birds  found  in  the  Vicinity  of 

Bridgeport,    Connecticut.       Prepared    for   the    Bridgeport 

Scientific    Society.        Bridgeport,    Conn. :     Buckingham    & 

Brewer,  Printers.     8vo.,  pp.  1-19. 

A  briefly  annotated  list  of  246  species.  (See  review  in  Auk,  X,  1893,  p.  352.) 


—   92   — 

1892.  CHAPMAN,  F.  M.  [Birds  of  Central  Park,  New  York  City.J 
New  York  Evening  Post,  Supplement,  June  18,  25,  July  2, 
Oct.  15,  Dec.  31. 

Popular  account  of  some  species. 

1892.  HOWELL,  A.  H.      Brief  notes  from  Long  Island.     Auk,  IX, 
PP.  306,  307. 

Notes  on  5  species. 

1893.  BUTCHER,  W.     Notes  on  some  Rare  Birds  in  the  Collection 
of  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society.  Auk,  X,  pp.  267-277. 

Notes  on  44  species. 

1893  EAMES,  E.  H.  Notes  from  Connecticut.  Auk,  X,  pp.  89, 
90,  209. 

Notes  from  Bridgeport  on  n  species. 

1893.    FOSTER,   L.  S.      The  Winter  Birds  of  the  Vicinity  of  New 
York  City.     Abst.    Proc.  Linnaean  Society,   No.  5,  pp.  1-3. 
A  synopsis  mentioning  14  of  a  list  of  127  species. 

1893.  HOWELL,  A.  H.     On  the  Occurrence  of  three  Rare  Birds  on 
Long  Island,  New  York.     Auk,  X,  1893,  pp.  90,  91. 

Barn  Owl,  Orange-crowned  Warbler,  and  Bicknell's  Thrush. 

1894.  CHAPMAN,    F.   M.       The    Nocturnal    Migration    of   Birds. 
Popular  Science  Monthly,  XLV,  pp.  506-511. 

Contains    an  account  of  observations  made  at  the    Statue  of  Liberty, 
Bedloe's  Island. 


INDEX. 


ACANTHIS  LINARIA,   57. 

"         linaria  rostrata,  57. 
Accidental  Visitants,  list  of,  12. 
Accipiter  atricapillus,  40. 
"       cooperi,  40. 
"       velox,  40. 
Actitis  macularia,  36. 
^Egialitis  meloda,  37. 

"        meloda  circumcincta,  37. 
"         semipalmata,  37. 
"        vocifera,  37. 
wilsoni,  37. 

Agelaius  phceniceus,  53. 
Aix  sponsa,   23. 
Alauda  arvensis,  50. 
Alaudidae,  50. 
Alca  torda,  15. 
Alcedinidae,  45. 
Alcidse,  14. 
Alle  alle,  15. 
Ammodramus  caudacutus,  60. 

caudacutus  nelsoni,    61. 
caudacutus  subvirgatus,  61. 
henslowi,  60. 
maritimus,   61. 
princeps,  59. 

sandwichensis  savanna,  60. 
savannarum  passerinus,  60. 
Ampelidse,  68. 
Ampelis  cedrorum,  68. 

"       garrulus,  68. 
Anas  americana,  22. 
boschas,  21. 
carolinensis,  23. 
crecca,  22. 
discors,  23. 
obscura,  22. 
penelope,  22. 
strepera,  22. 
Anatidae,  21. 

Anser  albifrons  gambeli,  26. 
Anseres,  21. 
Anthus  pensilvanicus,  78. 


Antrostomus  vociferus,  47. 
Aphrizidse,  37. 
Aquila  chrysaetos,  41. 
Archibuteo  lagopus  sancti-johannis,4i, 
Ardea  candidissima,  28. 
ccerulea,  28. 

"      egretta,  28. 

"      herodias,  28. 
virescens,  28. 
Ardeidse,  27. 
Ardetta,  89. 
Arenaria  interpres,  37. 
Asio  accipitrinus,  43. 
"  wilsonianus,  43. 
Auk,  Razor-billed,  15. 
Avocet,  American,  31. 
Aythya  affinis,   24. 

americana,  23. 

"       collaris,  24. 

"       marila  nearcfica,  24. 

"      vallisneria,   23. 


BALDPATE,  22. 
Bartramia  longicauda,  35. 
Beetle-head,  36. 
Birds,  Diving,  13. 

"       Perching,  48. 

"      Shore,  30. 
Bittern,  American,  27. 

"        Least,  27. 
Blackbird,  Crow,  54. 

Red-winged,  53. 
"          Rusty,  54. 
Bluebird,  85. 
Bobolink,  52. 
Bob-white,  38. 
Bonasa  umbellus,  38. 
Booby,  20. 

Botaurus  lentiginosus,.  27. 
Brant,  26. 

"     Black,  27. 
Brantbird,  37. 


—   94   — 


Branta  bernicla,  26. 

canadensis,  26. 
canadensis  hutchinsii,  26. 
leucopsis,  27. 
"      nigricans,  27. 
Bubo  virginianus,  44. 
Bubonidae,  43. 
Bufflehead,  24. 
Bunting,  Bay-winged,  59. 

Black-throated,   66. 
"        Indigo,  65. 
Painted,  65. 
'"        Snow,  59. 
Butcher-bird,  68. 
Buteo  borealis,  40. 

latissimus,  40. 
lineattis,  40 
swainsoni,  40. 
Butterball,  24. 
Buzzard,  Turkey,  39. 

CALCARIUS  I.APPONICUS,  59 

"         ornatus,  59. 
Calico-back,  37. 
Calidris  arenaria,  34. 
Camptolaimus  labradorius,  24. 
Canvasback,  23. 
Caprhnulgidse.  47. 
Cardinal,   65. 
Cardinalis  cardinalis,  65. 
Carduelis  carduelis,  58. 
Carpodacus  purpureus,  56. 
Catbird,  79. 
Catharista  atrata,  39. 
Cathartes  aura,  39. 
Cathartidae,  39. 
Cedar-bird,  68. 
Ceophlceus  pileatus,  46. 
Cepphus  grylle,  14. 
Certhia  familiaris  americana,  Si, 
Certhiidae,  81. 
Ceryle  alcyon,  45. 
Chaetura  pelagica,  47. 
Charadriidae,  36. 
Charadrius  dominicus,  37. 
squatarola,  36. 
Charitonetta  albeola,  24. 
Chat,  Yellow-breasted,   77. 
Chelidon  erythrogaster,  67. 
Chen  caerulescens,   25. 

"     hyperborea  nivalis,  25 
Chewink,  65. 
Chickadee,  82. 

"         Carolina,  82. 
Chondestes  grammacus,  61. 
Chordeiles  virginianus,  47. 
Circus  hudsonius,  40. 
Cistothorus  palustris,  8 1. 
"  stellaris.   81. 

Clangula  hyemalis,  24.  j 


CUipe,  46. 

Clivicola  riparia,  67. 

Coccothraustes  vespertina,  55. 

Coccyges,  45. 

Coccygus  americanus,  45. 

"        erythrophthalmus,  45. 
Colaptes  auratus,  46. 
Colinus  virginianus,  38. 
Columbae,  38. 
Columbidae,  38. 

Columbigallina  passerina  terrestris,  39. 
Colymbus  auritus,  13. 

"         holbosllii,  13. 
Compsothlypis  americana,  72. 
Contopus  borealis,  49. 

virens,  49. 
Coot,  American,  30. 

"     Black,  25. 

"     White-winged,  25. 
Cormorant,  20. 

"         Double-crested,   21. 
Corvidae,  50. 
Corvus  americanus,  51. 

"      corax  principalis,  51. 

"      ossifragus,  51. 
Cowbird,  53. 
Crake,  Corn,  30. 
Crane,  28. 
Creeper,  Brown,  Si. 
Crex  crex,  30. 
Crossbill,  American,  56. 

"         White-winged,   57. 
Crow,  American,  51. 

"      Fish,  51. 

Crymophilus  fulicarius,  31. 
Cuckoo,  Black-billed,  45. 

Yellow-billed,  45. 
Cuculidae,  45. 
Curlew,  Eskimo,  36. 

"        Hudsonian,  36. 

"        Jack,  36. 

"        Long-billed,   36. 
Cyanocitta  cristata,  50. 


DABCHICK,  13. 
Dafila  acuta,  23. 
Dendroica  sestiva,  73. 

blackburnise,  74. 

caerulea,  73. 

caerulescens,   73 

castanea,  74. 

coronata,  73. 

discolor,  75. 

dominica,  74. 

maculosa,  73. 

palmarum,  75. 

palmarum  hypochrysea,  75. 

pensylvanica,  74. 

striata,  74. 


—    95    — 


Dendroica  tigrina,  72. 
"         vigorsii,  75. 
"         virens,  75. 
Dickcissel,  66. 
Die-Dapper,  13. 
Dolichonyx,  52. 
Doughbird,  36. 
Dove,  Ground,  39. 

"       Mourning,  39. 
Dovekie,  15. 
Dowitcher,  32. 

"          Long-billed,  32. 
Dryobates  boreilis,  45. 

pubesceris,  45. 
"         villosus,  45. 
Duck,  American  Scaup,  24. 
Black,  22. 
Crow,  30. 
Harlequin,  24. 
Labrador,  24. 
Lesser  Scaup,  24. 
Raft,  24. 

Ring-necked, -24. 
Rudely.  25. 
Rufous-crested,  23. 
Summer,  23. 
Wood,  23. 
Dunlin,  34. 

EAGLE,  BALD,  41. 

"       Golden,  41. 
Ectopistes  migratorius,  38. 
Eggs,  local  collection  of,  3. 
Egret,  American,  28. 
Eider,  American,  25. 

"      King,  25. 
Elanoides  forficatus,    39. 
Empidonax  acadicus.   49. 
flaviventris,  49. 
minimus,  49. 

"  pusillus  traillii,  49. 

Ereunetes  occidentalis,  34. 

"         pusillus,  34. 
Erismatura  rubida,  25. 

FALCO  COLUMBARIUS,  41. 

"      islandus,  41. 

"      peregrinus  anatum,  41. 

"      rusticolus  obsoletus,  41. 

"      sparverius,  42. 
Falconidae,  39. 
Fauna,  Alleghanian,     southern   limits 

of,  5- 

'     Carolinian,  northern  limits  of,  5. 
Finch,  Grass,   59. 

"      Pine,   58. 

"      Purple,  59. 
Flicker,  46. 
Flycatcher,  Acadian,  49. 


Flycatcher,  Crested,  48. 

"  Least,  49. 

Olive-sided,  49. 

"  Traill's,  49. 

Yellow-bellied,  49. 
Fratercula  arctica,   14. 
Fringillidse,  55. 
Fulica  americana,  30. 
P'ulmar,  19. 
Fulmarus  glacialis,  19. 
Fute,  36. 

GADWALL,  22. 
Galeoscoptes  carolinensis,  79. 
Gallinse,  38. 
Gallinago  clelicata,  32. 
Gallinula  galeata,  30. 
Gallinule,  Florida,  30. 
"         Purple,  30. 
Gannet,  20. 

Gelochelidon  nilotica,  17. 
Geothlypis  agilis,  77. 
"  formosa,  76. 

Philadelphia,  77. 
"  trichas,  76. 

Glaucionetta    clangula  americana,    24. 
Gnatcatcher,  Blue-gray,  83. 
Godwit,  Hudsonian,   34. 

"        Marbled,  34. 
Golden-eye,  American,  24. 
Goldfinch,  American,  57. 
"  European,  58 

Goose,  American  White-fronted,  26. 
Barnacle,  27. 
Blue,  25. 
Canada,  26. 
Greater  Snow,  25. 
Hutchins's,  26. 
Goshawk,  American,  40. 
Crackle,  Bronzed,    54. 

"         Purple,  54. 
Grebe,  Hoiboell's,  13. 
"       Horned,  13. 
"       Pied-billed,  13. 
Grosbeak,   Blue,  65. 

"          Evening,  55. 
Pine,  55. 

Rose-breasted,  65. 
Grouse,  Pinnated,  38. 

Ruffed,  38. 
Guara  alba,  27 
Guillemot,  Black,  14. 
Guiraca  caerulea,  65. 
Gull,  Bonaparte's,  16. 
"     Burgomaster,  16. 
"     Glaucous,  16. 
"     Great  Black-backed,  16. 
"     Herring,  16 
"'    Kittiwake,  16. 


—   96   — 


Gull,   Laughing,  16. 

"     Little,  17. 

"     Ring-billed,  16. 

"     Sabiue's,  17. 
Gyrfalcon,  Black,  41. 
"  White,  41. 

HABIA  LUDOVICIANA,  65. 
Hsematopodidae,  38. 
Haematopus  palliatus,  38. 
Haliaeetus  leucocephalus,    70. 
Harporhynchus  rufus,  79. 
Hawk,  American  Rough-legged,  41. 
American  Sparrow,  42. 
Broad-winged,  40. 
Chicken,  40. 
Cooper's,  40. 
Duck,   41. 
Hen,  40. 
Marsh,  40. 
Pigeon,  4.1. 
Red-shouldered,  40. 
Red-tailed,  40. 
Sharp-shinned,  40. 
Swainson's,  40. 
Hell-diver,  13. 
Helminthophila  celata,  72. 

chrysoptera,  71,  72 
lawrencei,  71. 
leucobronchialis,  71. 
peregrina,  72. 
pinus,  70. 
luficapilla,  72. 

Helmitherus  vermivorus,  70. 
Hen,  Marsh,  29. 
"     Meadow,  29. 
"      Mud,  29. 
"     Prairie,  38. 
Herodiones,  27. 

Heron,  Black-crowned  Night,  28. 
'         Great  Blue,  28. 
'         Green,  28. 

Little  Blue,  28. 
'         Snowy,  28. 

'         Yellow-crowned  Night,  28. 
High-hole,  46. 
Himantopus  mexicanus,  31. 
Hirundinidse,  66. 
Histrionicus  histrionicus,  24. 
Hummingbird,  Ruby-throated,  47. 
Hydrochelidon  nigra  surinamensis,    19. 

IBIDID/E,  27. 
Ibis,  Glossy,  27. 
"     White,  27. 
Icteria  virens,  77. 
Icteridse,  52. 
Icterus  galbula,  54. 
"      spurius,  54. 
lonornis  martin ica,  30. 


JAEGER,  Parasitic,  15. 

"       Pomarine,  15. 

"       Long-tailed,    15. 
Jay,  Blue,  50. 

"    Canada,  50. 
Junco,  63. 
Junco  hyemalis,  63. 

KILDEER,  37. 
Kingbird,  48. 

"         Arkansas,  48. 
Kingfisher,  Belted,  45. 
Kinglet,  Golden-crowned,  82. 

Ruby-crowned,  82. 
Kite,  Swallow-tailed,  39. 
Kittiwake,  16. 
Knot,  33. 

LANIID/E.  68. 
Lanius  borealis,   68. 

ludovicianus,  68. 
Lapwing,  36. 
Laridae,  16. 
Lark,  Horned,  50. 

"     Prairie  Horned,  50. 

"    Shore,  50. 

Larus  argentatus  smithsonianus,  16. 
'    atricilla,  16. 

"    delawarensis,  16. 

"     glaucus,  1 6. 

"     marinus,  16. 
'     minutus,  17. 

"     Philadelphia,  16. 
Limicolae,  30. 
Limosa  fedoa,  34. 

"       haemastica,  34. 
Longipennes,    15. 
Longspur,  Chestnut-collared,  59. 

Lapland,  59. 
Loon,  13. 

"     Black-throated,  14. 

"     Red-throated,  14. 
Lophodytes  cucullatus,  21. 
Loxia  curvirostra  minor,  56. 

"     leucoptera,  57. 

MACROCHIRES,  47. 
Macrorhamphus  griseus,  32. 

"  scolopaceus,  32. 

Mallard,  21. 
Marlin,  Brown,  34. 

"        Ring-tailed,  34. 
Martin,  Purple,  66. 
Meadowlark,  54. 
Megascops  asio,  44. 
Melanerpes  carolinus,  46. 

"  erythrocephalus,  46. 

Melospiza  fasciata,  63. 

"         georgiana,  64. 

"         lincolni,  64. 


-r    97    — 


Merganser  americanus,  21. 

serrator,  21. 
Merganser,  American,  21. 

Hooded,  21. 
"          Red-breasted,  21. 
Merula  migratoria,  84. 
Micropalama  himantopus,  33. 
Micropodidse,  86. 
Mimus  polyglottos,  79. 
Mniotilta  varia,  70. 
Mniotiltidse,  70. 
Mockingbird,  79. 
Molothrus  ater.  53. 
Motacillidoe,  78." 
Murre,  Brilnnich's,  14. 
Myarchus  crinitus,  48. 

NETTA  RUFINA,  23. 
Nighthawk,  47. 
Numenius  borealis,  36. 

hudscnicus,  36, 

longirostris,  36. 
Nuthatch,  Red-breasted,  81. 

White-breasted,  81. 
Nyctala  acadica,  44. 
Nyctea  nyctea,  44. 
Nycticorax  nycticorax  nsevius,  28. 

violaceus,  28. 

OCEANITES  OCEANICUS,   2O. 

Oceanodroma  leucorhoa,  20. 
Oidemia  americana,  25. 
deglandi,  25. 
perspicillata,  25. 
Old-Squaw,  24.. 
Old-Wife,  24. 
Olor  columbianus,   27. 
Oriole,  Baltimore,  54. 

"      Orchard,  54. 
Osprey,  American,  42. 
Otocoris  alpestris,  50. 

"        alpestris  praticola,  50. 
Ovenbird,  76. 
Owl,  American  Barn,  42. 

American  Long-eared,  43. 

Barred,  43. 

Great  Gray,  44. 

Great  Horned,  44. 

Hawk,  44. 

Saw-whet,  44. 

Screech,  44. 

Short-eared,  43. 

Snowy,  44. 
Oxeye,  Meadow,  33. 

"       Sand,   34. 
Oyster-catcher,  38. 

PALUDICOL^,  29. 

Pandion  haliaetus  carolinensis,  42. 


Paridse.  81. 
Partridge,  38. 
Parus  atricapillus,  82. 
"     bicolor,  8 1. 
"     carolinensis,   82. 
Passerella  iliaca,  64. 
Passer  domesticus,  56. 
Passeres,  48. 
Passerina  ciris,  65. 

"         cyanea,  65. 
Pavoncella  pugnax,  35. 
Peep,  33,  34. 
Pelecanida?,  21. 
Pelecanus  erythrorhynchos,  21. 

*'          fuscus,  21. 
Pelican,  Brown,    21. 
"       White,  21. 
Perisoreus  canadensis,  51, 
Permanent  Residents,  list  of,  7. 
Petrel  Leach's,  20. 
'•      Stormy,  20. 
"      Wilson's,  20. 
Petrochelidon  lunifrons,  67. 
Pewee,  Wood.  49. 
Phalacrocoracidge,  20. 
Phalacrocorax  carbo,  20. 

"  dilophus,  21. 

Phalarope,  Northern,  31. 
Red,  30. 
Wilson's,   31. 
Phalaropodidae,  30. 
Phalaropus  lobatus,  31. 
"  tricolor,  31. 

Philohela  minor,   31. 
Phcebe,  49. 
Pici,  45. 
Picidse,  45. 
Pigeon,  Passenger,  38. 

"       Wild,  39. 
Pinicola  enucleator,  55. 
Pintail,  23. 

Pipilo  erythrophthalmus,  65. 
Pipit,  American,  78. 
Piranga  erythromelas,  66. 
"       ludoviciana,  66. 
"       rubra,  66. 
Plectrophenax  nivalis,   59. 
Plegadis  autumnalis,   27. 
Plover,  American  Golden,  37. 
"      Belted  Piping,  37. 
"      Black-bellied,  36. 
"      Field,  35- 
Piping,  37. 
Semipalmated,  37. 
Upland,  35. 
Wilson's,  37. 
Podicipidae,  13. 
Podilymbus  podiceps,  13. 
Polioptila  caerulea,  83. 


Poocnstes  gramineus,  59. 
Porzana  Carolina,  29. 

"       jamaicensis,  29. 

"       noveboracensis,  29. 
Procellaria  pelagica,  20. 
Pfocellariidre,    19. 
Progne  subis   66. 
Protonotaria  citrea,  70. 
Puffin,  14. 
Puffinus  auduboni,  19. 

"       borealis,  19. 

"        major,   19. 

"       Strickland!,  19. 
Pygopodes,  13. 

QUAIL,  38. 

Quiscalus  quiscula,  54. 

"         quiscula  reneus,  54. 

RAIL,  Black,  29. 

"      Carolina,  29. 

"      Clapper,  29. 

"       King,  29. 

;'      Virginia,  29. 

"      Yellow,  29. 
Rallidse,  29. 
Kallus  elegans,  29. 

"      longirostris  crepitans,  29. 

"      virginianus,  29. 
Raptores,  39. 
Raven,  American,   51. 
Recurvirostra  americana,  31. 
Recurvirostridae,  31. 
Redhead,  23. 
Redpoll,  57. 

"       Holbcell's,  57. 
Redstart,  American,    78. 
Reedbird,  52. 
Regulus  calendula,  82. 

"        satrapa,  82. 
Rissa  tridactyla,  16. 
Robin,  American,  84. 
Ruff,  35. 
Rynchopidse,  19. 
Rynchops  nigra,  19. 

SANDERLING,  34. 
Sandpiper,  Baird's,  33. 

Bartramian,  35. 

Buff-breasted,  36. 

Curlew,  34. 

Least,  33. 

Pectoral,  33. 

Purple,  33. 

Red-backed,  34. 

Semipalmated,  34. 

Solitary,  35. 

Spotted,  36. 

Stilt,  33- 


Sandpiper,  Western,  34. 

White-rumped,  33. 
Sapsncker,  Yellow-bellied,  46, 
Saxicola  cenanthe,  84. 
Sayornis  phoebe,  49. 
Scoleophagus  carolinus,  54. 
Scolopacidae,  31. 
Scolopax  rusticola,  31. 
Scoter,  American,  25. 

"       Surf,  25. 
,  "       White-winged,  25. 
Scotiaptex  cinerea,  44. 
Seiurus  aurocapillus,  76. 
"       motacilla,  76. 
"       noveboracensis,  76. 
"       noveboracensis  notabilis,  76. 
Setophaga  ruticilla,  78. 
Shearwater,  Audubon's,  19. 
"  Cory's,  19. 

Greater,  19 
"  Sooty,  19. 

Shelldrake,  21. 
Shoveller,  23. 
Shrike,  Loggerhead,  69. 

*'       Northern,  68. 
Sialia  sialis,  85. 
Sickle-bill,  36. 
Siskin,  Pine,  58. 
Sitta  canadensis.Si. 

"    carolinensis,  Sr. 
Skimmer,  Black,    19. 
Skylark,  50. 
Snipe,  English,  32. 
"•       Surf,  34. 
"       Wilson's,  32. 
Snowbird,  63. 
Snowflake,  59. 
Somateria  dresseri,  25. 

"         spectabilis,  25. 
Sora,  29. 

South-Southerly,  24. 
Sparrow,  Acadian  Sharp-tailed,  61. 
'  Chipping,  63. 

'  English,   56. 

Field,  63. 
Fox,  64. 
'  Grasshopper,  60. 

Henslow's,  60. 
'  House,  56. 

Ipswich,  59. 
Lark,  61. 
Lincoln's,  64. 
Nelson's.  61. 
Savanna,  6c. 
Seaside,  61. 
'  Sharp-tailed,  60. 

Song,  63. 
Swamp,  64. 
Tree,  62. 


—    99    - 


Sparrow,  Vesper,  59. 

"         White-crowned.  62. 
"         White-throated,  62. 
"         Yellow-winged,  60. 
Spatula  clypeata,  23. 
Sphyrapicus  varius,  46. 
Spinus  pinus,  58. 
"      tristis,  57. 
Spiza  americana,  66. 
Spizella  montlcola,  62. 
"       pusilla,  63. 
"       socialis,  63. 
Spoonbill,  23. 
Sprigtail,  23. 
Starling-,  52. 
Steganopodts,  20. 
Stelgidopteryx  serripennis,  68. 
Stercorariidae,  15. 
Stercorarius  longicaudus,  15. 
parasitictis,  15. 
pomarinus,  15. 
Sterna  antillarum,  18. 
'•      dougalli,  1 8. 
"       forsteri,  17. 
"      fuliginosa,  18. 
"      hirundo.  17. 
"      maxima,  17. 
"      paradisaea,  18. 
tschegrava,  17. 
Stilt,  Black-necked,  31. 
Strigidae,  42. 
Strix  pratincola,  42. 
Sturnella  magna,  54. 
Sturnidae,  52 
Sturnus  vulgaris,  52. 
Sula  bassana,  20. 

"    sula,  20, 
Sulidae.  20. 

Summer  Residents,  list  of,  8. 
"        Visitants,  list  of,  9. 
Surnia  ulula  caparoch,  44. 
Swallow,  Bank,  67. 
"         Barn,  67.    ' 

Cliff,  67. 

"        Rough-winged,  68. 
Sea,  17. 
Tree,  67. 

Swan,  Whistling,  27. 
Swift,  Chimney,  47. 
Swimmers,  Lamellirostral,  2r. 
Long- winged,  15. 
Totipalmate,  20.  • 
"          Tube-nosed.  19. 
Sylvania  canadensis,  78. 
"         mitrata,  78. 
'*        pusilla, '78. 
Sylviidae,    82. 
Symphemia  semipalmata,  35. 

"  semipalmata  inorata,  35. 

Syrnium  nebulosum,  43. 


TACHYCINETA  BICOLOR,  67. 
Tanager,  Louisiana,  66. 
"         Scarlet,  66. 

Summer,  66. 
Tanagridae,  66. 
Teal,  Blue-winged,  23. 

European  Green-winged,  22. 
Green-winged,  23. 
Tern,  Arctic,  18. 
Black,  19. 
Caspian,  17. 
Common,  17. 
"      Forster's,  17. 

Gull-billed,  17. 
"      Least,  1 8. 

Roseate,  18. 
"      Royal,  17. 
"      Sooty,  18. 
Tetraonidae,  38. 
Thrasher,  Brown,  79. 
Thrush,  Bicknell's,  84. 

Gray-cheeked,  84. 
Hermit,  84. 
Olive-backed,  84. 
Wilson's,  83. 
Wood    83. 

Thryothorus  ludovicianus,  79. 
Tip-up,  36. 
Titlark,  78. 
Titmouse,  Tufted,  81. 
Totanus  flavipes,  35. 

melanoleucus,  35. 
"        solitarius,  35. 
Towhee,  65. 

TransientVisitants,  Irregular,  list  of ,  1 1. 
"         Regular,  list  of,  10. 
Tringa  alpina,  34. 

alpina  pacifica,  34. 
"       bairdii,  33. 
"       canutus,  33. 

ferruginea,  34. 
"       fuscicollis,  33. 
maculata,  33. 
maritima,  33. 
"       minutilla,  33. 
Trochilidse,  47. 
Trochilus  colubris,  47. 
Troglodytes  aedon,  80. 

hiemalis,  80. 
Troglodytidas,  79. 
Tryngites  subruficollis,  36. 
Tubinares,  19. 
Turdidae,  83. 
Turdus  aliciae,  84. 

"       aliciae  bicknelli,  84. 

aonalaschkae  pallasii,  83. 
"       fuscescens,  83. 
mustelinus,  83. 
"   '    ustulatus  swainsohii,  84. 
Turnstone,  37. 


—    100    — 


Tympanuchus  cupido,  38. 
Tyrannidse,  48. 
Tyrannus  tyfannus,  48 
"         verticalis,  48. 

URIA  LOMVIA,  14. 
Urinator  arcticus,  14. 

•'        imber,  13. 

"        lumme,  14. 
Urinatoridse,  13, 

VANELLUS  VANELLUS,  36. 
Veery,  83. 
Vireo  flavifrons,  69. 
'•     gilvus,  69. 

noveboracensis,  70. 
olivaceus,   69. 
philadelphicus,  69. 
solitarius,  69. 
Vireo,  Black-headed,  69. 
Philadelphia,  69. 
Red-eyed,  69. 
Warbling,  69. 
"White-eyed,  70. 
Yellow-throated,  69. 
Vireonidse,  69. 
Vulture,  Black,  39. 
Turkey,  39. 

WARBLER,  Bay-breasted,  74. 

Black  and  White,  70. 
"         Blackburnian,  74. 

Black-poll,  74. 

"         Black-throated  Blue,  73. 
"         Black-throated  Green,  75. 
"         Blue-winged,  70. 
"         Brewster's,   71. 

Canadian,  78. 
"         Cape  May,  72. 
"         Cerulean,  73. 

Chestnut-sided,  74. 

Connecticut,  77. 

Golden-winged,  72. 

Hooded,  78. 

Kentucky,  76. 

Lawrence's,  71. 

Magnolia,  73. 

Mourning,  77. 

Myrtle,  73. 

Nashville,  72. 

Orange-crowned,  72. 


Warbler,  Palm,  75. 
Parula,  72. 
Pine,  75. 
Prairie,  75. 
Prothonotary,  70. 
Tennessee,   72. 
Wilson's,  78. 
Worm-eating,  70. 
Yellow,  73. 
Yellow-palm,  75. 
Yellow-rumped,  73. 
Yellow-throated,  74. 
Wa  er-Thrush,  76. 

Grinnell's,  76. 
Louisiana,  76. 
Waxwing,  Bohemian,  68. 

Cedar,  68. 
Wheatear,  84. 
Whip-poor-will,  47. 
Whistler,  24. 
Widgeon,   American,  22. 
"         European,  22. 
Willett,  35. 

"       Western,  35. 
Winter  Residents,  list  of,  9. 
"      Visitants,  list  of,  10. 
Woodcock,  American,  31. 
European,  31. 
Woodpecker,  Downy,  45. 
Hairy,  45. 
Pileated,  46. 
Red-bellied,  46. 
Red-cockaded,  45. 
Red-headed,  46. 
Yellow-bellied,  46. 
Wren,  Carolina,  79. 
"      House,  80. 
"       Long-billed,  81. 
"      Short-billed,  81. 
"      Winter,  80. 

XEMA  sabinii,   17. 

YELLOW-LEGS,  35. 

"      Greater,  35. 

"      Summer,  35. 
Yellow-throat,  Maryland,  77. 

ZENAIDURA  MACROURA,  39. 
Zonotrichia  albicollis,  62. 
"          leucophrys,  62. 


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